中国环境公益诉讼原告资格研究

发布时间：2019-03-21 07:09

【摘要】：21世纪以来,伴随着中国经济崛起的环境污染、生态破坏、资源紧缺等问题得到社会的广泛关注。环境问题在当下必须得到有效控制,环境公益诉讼被学者们认为是一种有效的途径。西方发达国家的经济发展方式、世界战争引发了最早的环境问题,以著名的“八大公害”事件为戒,环境公益诉讼制度被美国率先在其国内制定。上世纪80年代,环境公益诉讼在学术研究上被较早的引入中国,其实质性研究突破还是在本世纪初,国家通过政策导向开始“探索建立环境公益诉讼”,同年张式军以博士毕业论文的形式较为系统全面的介绍了这一诉讼制度,以及其在国外不同国家所取得的进展。由此,中国环境公益诉讼研究才发展开来。没有原告就不存在诉讼,环境公益诉讼原告资格研究被认为是环境公益诉讼制度的基础。目前,中国分别依据法律规定和试点方案规定将原告资格明确赋予环保社会组织和检察机关,但是已有原告的合理性和其他主体的原告资格依然值得讨论。环境公益诉讼原告资格应该符合已有法律体系,符合社会经济发展的需要,不局限于利害关系标准,有步骤分阶段的放宽环境公益诉讼原告范围,对于环境保护和经济持续发展都十分有利。环境公益诉讼原告资格研究是环境公益诉讼制度建立的基本前提,该研究为环境公益诉讼制度建立及完善提供服务。本文对环境公益诉讼原告资格问题的研究从基本概念和理论着手,关注环保社会组织、环保行政机关、公民个人、检察机关四类主体的原告资格,分析中国立法和实践中有关其原告资格的现状以及问题。有关原告资格标准和三类原告资格范围问题,公民个人原告资格问题,环保行政机关原告资格问题,以及对于环保社会组织的规定是否严格问题。意在通过研究美国、英国、德国、日本的环境公益诉讼原告资格发展路径,借鉴有益经验,探索中国环境公益诉讼原告资格的出路。最终,研究在原告资格标准上提出自己的构想,以“目的公益标准”带动环境公益诉讼发展;原告范围上提出四类主体(即公民个人、环保行政机关、环保社会组织、检察机关)见解;除检察机关外,其他主体之间的原告资格问题分析及建议;各原告间的诉讼顺位行使四个大的方面进行完善。
[Abstract]:Since the 21st century, the problems of environmental pollution, ecological destruction, shortage of resources and so on, which are accompanied by the rise of Chinese economy, have been paid more and more attention by the society. Environmental problems must be effectively controlled at present. Environmental public interest litigation is regarded by scholars as an effective way. In the way of economic development in western developed countries, the world war caused the earliest environmental problems. Taking the famous "eight public hazards" as an example, the system of environmental public interest litigation was first formulated by the United States in its own country. In the 1980s, environmental public interest litigation was introduced into China earlier in academic research, and its substantive research breakthrough was at the beginning of this century, when the state began to "explore and establish environmental public interest litigation" through policy guidance. In the same year, Zhang Shijun introduced this litigation system systematically and comprehensively in the form of doctoral thesis, as well as his progress in different countries abroad. As a result, the research on environmental public interest litigation in China has developed. Without plaintiff, there is no litigation. Plaintiff qualification study of environmental public interest litigation is considered to be the basis of environmental public interest litigation system. At present, China has given plaintiff's qualifications to environmental protection social organizations and procuratorial organs, respectively, according to laws and pilot programs, but the reasonableness of plaintiff and plaintiff qualifications of other subjects are still worth discussing. The qualification of plaintiff in environmental public interest litigation should conform to the existing legal system, meet the needs of social and economic development, be not limited to the standards of interest, and relax the scope of plaintiff in environmental public interest litigation step by step in stages. It is beneficial to environmental protection and sustainable economic development. The research on plaintiff qualification of environmental public interest litigation is the basic premise of the establishment of environmental public interest litigation system, which provides services for the establishment and improvement of environmental public interest litigation system. This article studies plaintiff qualification of environmental public interest litigation from the basic concept and theory, and pays attention to plaintiff qualification of four kinds of subjects: environmental protection social organization, environmental protection administration organ, citizen individual, procuratorial organ. This paper analyzes the present situation and problems of plaintiff's qualification in China's legislation and practice. The issue of plaintiff's qualification criteria and the scope of three categories of plaintiff, the issue of individual plaintiff qualification of citizens, the issue of plaintiff qualification of the environmental protection administrative organ, and whether the regulations on environmental protection social organizations are strict. It is intended to explore the way out of plaintiff qualification of environmental public interest litigation in China by studying the development path of plaintiff qualification in environmental public interest litigation in the United States, Britain, Germany and Japan, and drawing lessons from beneficial experiences. Finally, the author puts forward his own idea on the qualification standard of plaintiff, and promotes the development of environmental public interest litigation by the "aim public interest standard". Plaintiff put forward four kinds of main body (namely individual citizen, environmental protection administrative organ, environmental protection social organization, procuratorial organ), analysis and suggestion of plaintiff qualification among other subjects except procuratorial organ. Plaintiff's litigation between the four major aspects of the exercise to improve.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.1

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