多层次民事司法救济体系探索

发布时间：2019-03-21 12:39

【摘要】：民事纠纷解决分为诉讼与诉外或司法与非司法两大途径。所谓"司法最终救济原则"是指司法对于事项都保留"最终"救济权,但司法救济的具体方式既包括通过起诉启动的"司法初审救济",也包括经由诉外途径解决后再通过不同法定渠道进入司法程序的"司法事后救济"。"可诉性"要件包括积极要件与消极要件,前者是根据诉讼客体自身特征确定的获得任何方式的民事司法救济均须满足的前提条件;消极要件是根据种种政策性考量而对司法初审管辖权即起诉权设置的一些限制性条件。诉外途径的事后司法救济应与具体纠纷类型及其诉外途径的自愿性与强制性等不同特征相匹配,确定不同层次的司法审查标准和程序,与初审司法救济一并构成多类型、多层次的民事司法救济体系,并与基层亲民性司法与中高级法院专业性司法的司法职能分层目标相吻合。
[Abstract]:Civil dispute resolution is divided into litigation and litigation or judicial and non-judicial channels. The so-called "judicial ultimate relief principle" means that the judiciary reserves the right to "final" relief on matters, but the specific ways of judicial relief include the "judicial first instance relief" initiated through prosecution. It also includes "judicial ex post relief", which is resolved through extra-procedural channels and then entered into judicial proceedings through different legal channels. The elements of actionable "include positive elements and negative elements. The former is a prerequisite to obtain any kind of civil judicial relief according to the characteristics of the object of litigation." The negative elements are some restrictive conditions for the judicial jurisdiction of first instance, that is, the right of prosecution, according to all kinds of policy considerations. The ex post judicial relief should match the specific types of disputes and their voluntary and compulsory characteristics, determine the standards and procedures of different levels of judicial review, and constitute multiple types of judicial remedies in the first instance together with the judicial remedies of the first instance. The multi-level civil judicial relief system is consistent with the goal of stratification of the judicial functions of the grass-roots pro-people judicature and the specialized judicature of the middle and high courts.
【作者单位】：北京大学法学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“民商事审判方法研究”(1X122)的课题成果
【分类号】：D925.1;D925.7

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