刑事诉讼中涉罪未成年人隐私权保护问题研究

发布时间：2019-04-04 20:02

【摘要】：少年司法制度是否完备是衡量一个国家法治程度的重要标志之一。由于未成年人身心发育不成熟、心智不健全,很容易在受到外界不良因素影响之后,走上犯罪的道路。为了避免在未成年阶段的犯罪行为影响其以后的发展,国际社会普遍认为有必要建立针对未成年人的权利保护制度,涉罪未成年人隐私权保护就是其中一项重要的内容。在我国,《未成年人保护法》、《预防未成年人犯罪法》以及《刑事诉讼法》中都对涉罪未成年人隐私权的保护做了规定。但在实践中仍然暴露出该制度的一些问题——不仅法律规定存在缺陷,同时还缺少涉罪未成年人隐私权保护机制及机构。为了保护未成年人的合法权益,保证即便是有犯罪行为的未成年人也能在接受改造之后顺利回归社会,成为对国家有用的守法公民,我们必须保护他们的隐私权,完善相关的法律制度。本文在阐述涉罪未成年人隐私权保护的相关概念和论证保护涉罪未成年人隐私权的价值的基础上,对我国目前涉罪未成年人隐私权的保护现状以及原因进行分析,并结合国外相关制度,提出完善我国涉罪未成年人隐私权保护制度的建议。论文主要分为四个部分,首先,论文界定了涉罪未成年人以及涉罪未成年人隐私权的概念,阐述了未成年人隐私权保护的相关理论,论证了涉罪未成年人隐私权保护的价值及重要意义。论文第二部分主要针对我国涉罪未成年人隐私权保护的现状进行分析,认为目前的制度实践主要存在刑事诉讼过程中司法机关保护不到位、犯罪记录封存制度落实困难、媒体报道侵害未成年人隐私权以及传统的司法手段无法满足隐私权侵权的救济需要等问题。其次,文章分析了产生上述问题的原因主要有以下几点:隐私权保护的法律规定存在缺陷、隐私权保护的公权力缺位、犯罪记录封存制度存在缺陷以及媒体报道的无限制。笔者在分析原因的同时,借鉴国外的成功经验,提出一些自己的看法。在此基础上,论文对我国涉罪未成年人隐私权保护提出了相关建议,包括:完善未成年人隐私权保护的法律法规、加强公权力对于隐私权的保护、完善犯罪记录封存制度以及规范媒体的报道行为等。
[Abstract]:Whether juvenile justice system is perfect or not is one of the important signs to measure the degree of rule of law in a country. Due to the immature physical and mental development of minors, it is easy to follow the path of crime after being influenced by bad external factors. In order to avoid the influence of minor crime on its future development, the international community generally believes that it is necessary to establish a system of rights protection for minors, and the protection of minor's privacy is one of the important contents. In China, the Law on the Protection of minors, the Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency and the Code of Criminal procedure all provide for the protection of the right to privacy of minors involved in crimes. In practice, however, there are still some problems in the system-not only the defects of the law, but also the protection mechanism and institution of the minor's privacy in the crime are lacking. In order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of minors, and to ensure that even minors who have committed criminal acts can return to society smoothly after being reformed and become law-abiding citizens useful to the country, we must protect their right to privacy. Improve the relevant legal system. On the basis of expounding the related concepts and demonstrating the value of protecting the right of privacy of the minor involved in crime, this paper analyzes the current situation and reasons of the protection of the right of privacy of the minor involved in crime in our country. Combined with the relevant foreign systems, the author puts forward some suggestions to improve the privacy protection system of minors involved in crime. The thesis is mainly divided into four parts. Firstly, the paper defines the concept of the minor involved in crime and the right to privacy of the minor involved in crime, and expounds the relevant theory of the protection of the right to privacy of the minor. This paper demonstrates the value and significance of the privacy protection of minors involved in crime. The second part of the paper mainly analyzes the status quo of the protection of the privacy of minors involved in crime in our country, thinks that the current system practice mainly exists in the process of criminal proceedings, the protection of judicial organs is not in place, and the storage system of criminal records is difficult to implement. Media reports infringe on the right to privacy of minors and the traditional judicial means can not meet the need of remedy for the infringement of the right to privacy. Secondly, the paper analyzes the main reasons for the above problems: the defects of the legal provisions of privacy protection, the absence of public power to protect the right to privacy, the defects of the system of sealing criminal records and the unrestricted reporting by the media. While analyzing the reasons, the author draws lessons from the successful experience of foreign countries and puts forward some views. On this basis, the paper puts forward some suggestions on the protection of the right to privacy of minors involved in crime, including: perfecting the laws and regulations of the protection of the right to privacy of minors and strengthening the protection of the right to privacy by public power. Improve the system of keeping criminal records and standardize the reporting behavior of the media and so on.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.2

【参考文献】