何谓“严格的批准手续”——对我国《刑事诉讼法》技术侦查条款的合宪性解读

发布时间：2019-06-12 02:21

【摘要】：批准手续是控制技术侦查权、保障公民权利的关键所在。新《刑事诉讼法》尽管要求技术侦查经过严格的批准手续,但是对批准手续的内容、主体、程序均没有明确。历史上,技术侦查批准手续完全呈封闭状态,从批准权的设置、运行到批准文件的备案都由侦查部门自我决定,不受其他任何机关的监督和审查。这既不利于落实宪法中的法检公互相制约原则,又可能侵犯公民受宪法保护的通信权、住宅不受侵犯权、言论自由等基本权利。鉴于国内外在技术侦查领域的利弊得失,这个"批准手续"一定不能是只受侦查部门自我控制的、粗疏的、不受外部监督的批准手续,而应该是一个中立的、细化的、受到外部监督的批准手续。具体来看,批准主体宜由法院充任,而申请主体应当为侦查机关的高级主管人员或得到其授权的人员;申请时应提供具体的事实和理由,而在批准时应当落实"重罪原则"、"必要性原则"和"相关性原则"。
[Abstract]:Approval procedure is the key to control the right of technical investigation and protect the rights of citizens. Although the new Criminal procedure Law requires technical investigation to go through strict approval procedures, the contents, subjects and procedures of the approval procedures are not clear. Historically, the approval procedures of technical investigation have been completely closed, from the establishment of approval power, operation to the filing of approval documents are determined by the investigation department itself, and are not subject to the supervision and examination of any other organ. This is not only conducive to the implementation of the principle of mutual restriction between law and prosecution in the Constitution, but also may infringe on the basic rights of citizens, such as the right to communication protected by the Constitution, the right to inviolability of housing, freedom of speech and so on. In view of the advantages and disadvantages in the field of technical investigation at home and abroad, this "approval procedure" must not only be controlled by the investigation department itself, careless, and not subject to external supervision, but should be a neutral, detailed and subject to external supervision. Specifically, the subject of approval should be assumed by the court, and the subject of application should be the senior supervisor of the investigation organ or the person authorized by it; the application should provide specific facts and reasons, and the principle of felony, the principle of necessity and the principle of relevance should be implemented at the time of approval.
【作者单位】：复旦大学;
【基金】：国家重大社会科学基金资助项目“法律文明史”(项目编号:11&ZD081)子课题“法的本土化——以考察宪法与政治经济体制为中心” 2011—2012年度华东政法大学博士生优秀学位论文类项目“宪法对侦查权的制约与人身自由的保障”(项目编号:20111003)的阶段性成果上海地方高校人文学科学术新人培育计划项目“宪法对侦查权的制约与对基本权利的保障”,(项目编号:HZ-B2012036)
【分类号】：D925.2

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