民事执行和解制度之研究

发布时间：2019-06-20 20:03

【摘要】：民事执行和解是我国强制执行制度的重要组成部分,是一项极具东方特色的法律制度。当前,执行和解在我国司法实践中获得广泛运用,有利于廉价、快速的解决双方当事人之问的纠纷,使当事人的合法权益得以最大化的实现,顺应了当前的形势发展,有效的维护了社会的稳定,其对于调节人际关系、促进社会稳定和经济的有序发展具有积极作用。同时,对于维护人民群众生命财产安全,稳定社会发展大局,推动中国特色社会主义经济建设,构建和谐社会,具有不可估量的作用。然而,随着近年来调解案件的比例逐步上升,执行和解案件的比例呈下降趋势,显然民事执行和解的功能没有得到充分发挥。究其原因,是我国民事诉讼法对民事执行和解制度的规定还不够完善,学术界的相关理论在司法实践过程中也没有完全付诸实践,目前实践中的操作模式也处于混沌状态,严重影响了社会公众对民事执行和解制度的正确认知。为此,挖掘民事执行和解制度在立法、司法实践过程中的问题,并就发现的问题提出完善民事执行和解制度的理论构想及解决司法困境的措施,敦促完善民事执行和解制度的相关立法就显得尤为必要了本文拟从理论到实践展开分析,通过对民事执行和解制度的基础理论加以分析,并从执行和解制度的社会效应和司法实践中亟待解决的问题出发,力求探究民事执行和解制度缺陷的症结,并找到解决问题的关键。首先厘清民事和解的基本法意,逐一分析民事执行和解的概念、性质、效力以及现实意义。其次,将民事执行和解与诉讼和解、诉讼调解、强制执行等相关概念进行比较,更加详尽的解读了民事执行和解的本质,对司法实践中存在的相关问题从法理上进行了剖析。再次,通过解读我国现行法中关于民事执行和解的规定,指出目前我国立法及司法解释中相关规定的不足之处,并深入剖析其产生原因,为下一部分提出完善民事执行和解制度的解决措施打下坚实基础。最后,通过上文对民事执行和解制度理论和实践的分析与探究,明确了民事执行和解的性质与法律效力和法院(执行机构)的职能和角色,又提出了几项完善民事执行和解制度的具体措施,以力求实现民事执行和解制度的最大化价值目标和理论创新。文章的最后重点强调完善民事执行和解的救济途径,以对规范民事执行和解制度并允分发挥其功能具有积极意义。
[Abstract]:Civil execution reconciliation is an important part of enforcement system in our country, and it is a legal system with oriental characteristics. At present, executive reconciliation has been widely used in the judicial practice of our country, which is beneficial to solve the disputes between the two parties cheaply and quickly, maximize the legitimate rights and interests of the parties, conform to the current situation, effectively maintain the stability of the society, and play a positive role in regulating interpersonal relations and promoting social stability and orderly economic development. At the same time, it plays an inestimable role in safeguarding the safety of people's lives and property, stabilizing the overall situation of social development, promoting socialist economic construction with Chinese characteristics and building a harmonious society. However, with the gradual increase of the proportion of mediation cases in recent years, the proportion of execution reconciliation cases shows a downward trend, obviously the function of civil execution reconciliation has not been brought into full play. The reason is that the provisions of the civil execution reconciliation system in the civil procedure law of our country are not perfect, the relevant theories of academic circles have not been put into practice completely in the process of judicial practice, and the operation mode in the current practice is also in a chaotic state, which seriously affects the public's correct cognition of the civil execution reconciliation system. Therefore, it is particularly necessary to excavate the problems of the civil execution reconciliation system in the process of legislation and judicial practice, and put forward the theoretical conception of perfecting the civil execution reconciliation system and the measures to solve the judicial predicament on the discovered problems, and urge the improvement of the relevant legislation of the civil execution reconciliation system. It is particularly necessary for this paper to carry out the analysis from theory to practice, and to analyze the basic theory of the civil execution reconciliation system through the analysis of the basic theory of the civil execution reconciliation system. Starting from the social effect of the implementation of the reconciliation system and the problems to be solved urgently in judicial practice, this paper tries to explore the crux of the defects of the civil execution reconciliation system and find out the key to solve the problems. First of all, it clarifies the basic law meaning of civil reconciliation, and analyzes the concept, nature, effect and practical significance of civil execution reconciliation one by one. Secondly, the civil execution reconciliation and litigation reconciliation, litigation mediation, enforcement and other related concepts are compared, a more detailed interpretation of the nature of civil execution reconciliation, and the judicial practice of the related issues are analyzed from the legal point of view. Thirdly, by interpreting the provisions on civil execution and reconciliation in the current law of our country, this paper points out the shortcomings of the relevant provisions in the legislation and judicial interpretation of our country at present, and deeply analyzes the causes, so as to lay a solid foundation for the next part to put forward the measures to improve the settlement system of civil execution. Finally, through the above analysis and exploration of the theory and practice of the civil execution reconciliation system, this paper clarifies the nature and legal effect of the civil execution reconciliation system and the functions and roles of the court (executing agency), and puts forward several concrete measures to improve the civil execution reconciliation system, in order to realize the maximization value goal and theoretical innovation of the civil execution reconciliation system. At the end of the paper, the author emphasizes on perfecting the relief way of civil execution reconciliation, which is of positive significance to standardize the civil execution reconciliation system and give full play to its function.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.1

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