宪政视野下同案同判问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-10 14:32

本文关键词：宪政视野下同案同判问题研究　出处：《武汉大学》2011年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：法律的制定和实施是一个表述正义和实现正义的过程。本文拟从宪政的角度,以司法诉讼中人们所关注的同案同判问题为立足点,来探讨我国法律中的价值内容及其实现,并对影响法律实施过程中的诸多因素加以分析。第一章先是简要对同案同判的概念加以界定,然后介绍同案同判与宪法秩序功能的关系,最后是揭示同案同判所宣示的价值理念。同案同判就是法律关系的性质相同、案情大体相同的案件,应该在判决中有相同或相似的结果。同案同判所体现的宪法价值有人性尊严、人民民主及法治原则等。同案同判与宪法秩序功能之间的关系主要体现在这样几个方面,一是建构宪法等基本法的时候,要始终如一地贯彻同案同判所宣示的价值理念；二是在建构宪法规范以外的法律秩序的时候,也要坚持上述原则；三是宪法和法律最终实现于现实生活的基本方式和载体,是一个个具体的判例。第二章介绍同案同判与宪法基本权利的关系。平等权强调是宪法和法律面前人人平等,它要求司法诉讼中无差别地对待一切当事人,平等权是同案同判的根本要旨。生存或者说存在是人(或权利主体)享有一切权利的前提条件,所以生存权是首要或最基本的权利。自由权和发展权是作为主体已经存在的前提之下,对存在状态方面总结出来的两种权利,基于自由和发展与人的基本需求之间的关系,自由权是同案同判的实体保障,发展权体现了同案同判的趋向激励。第三章论述同案同判与宪政体制下如何坚持法治(同案同判)与维护党的权威之间的关系。首先论述宪政与党的权威的基本关系,宪政体制的确立离不开党的领导,在宪政体制建立以后,党领导人民遵守宪法和法律。同案同判是宪政体制下法治原则的根本要求,然而,党的权威的法律实现,偶尔也会导致同案不同判现象的发生,时事政策对人民法院诉讼活动的影响也不可忽视,当然这种影响主要体现在法律的适用方面,而不是对案件事实的认定上。党的权威与法治之间的关系可以概括为,党一方面承认法律的最高权威性,另一方面把握法律适用的趋向。第四章论述同案同判与宪政中法渊源的关系。本章主要从一国所有的法渊源、立法、委任立法以及体现法律实施于现实生活的先例这些方面,说明它们都必须贯穿相同的宪法价值理念,这与同案同判的要求是相一致的。最后指明先例中贯穿案件事实与准据法的关键就在于判决要旨。第五章探讨同案同判与宪政中法律解释的关系。首先说明法律解释的特性——主体间性,然后指出法律解释中的宪法价值、法律解释方法所包含的宪法伦理,最后,归结到法律解释是为了更好地适用法律和实现法律中的正义价值,旦多种法律解释方法所得出的结论不一样时,以合宪性解释为最终标准,以求得尽可能的同案同判。第六章对同案异判进行反思,先叙述同案异判产生的几个方面的原因,然后指出同案异判与宪法价值是相冲突的,也不符合宪法秩序的要求,最后,阐述同案异判与党的权威、与法律解释和法律推理,都有一定程度的关系。第七章提出实现同案同判的途径。首先介绍《最高人民法院关于案例指导工作的规定》所确立的案例指导制度,接着指出指导性案例中起核心作用的部分就在于其判决要旨,判决要旨不仅起着联络各级法渊源的作用,还对改变以前上下级法院之间命令式的批复关系有重大意义。
[Abstract]:The formulation and implementation of the law is a process of expressing justice and realizing justice . This paper intends to discuss the content of the value and its realization in our country ' s law from the angle of constitutional government , in order to analyze the factors that affect the implementation of the law . The first chapter firstly defines the concept of the same sentence in the same case , then introduces the relationship between the same case and the constitutional order function , and finally reveals the same or similar result in the same case . The relation between the same case and the constitutional order function is the same or similar . The second chapter introduces the relationship between the same case and the basic rights of the constitution . The right to equality emphasizes the equality before the constitution and the law . It demands that all parties be treated without distinction in the judicial proceedings . The existence or existence of the right is the primary or the most basic right . The right to freedom and the right to development are the principal or the most basic right . The right to freedom is the entity guarantee of the same sentence based on the relation between freedom and development and the basic demand of the person . The right to development reflects the trend of the same case . The third chapter discusses how to adhere to the relationship between the rule of law and the authority of the party under the same judgment and constitutional system . First , it discusses the basic relationship between the constitutional government and the party ' s authority , and the establishment of the constitutional government is inseparable from the party ' s leadership . After the establishment of the constitutional government system , the party leads the people to abide by the Constitution and the law . On the other hand , the relationship between the party ' s authority and the rule of law can be summarized as follows : On the one hand , the party admits the supreme authority of the law , and on the other hand , holds the trend of the application of the law . The fourth chapter discusses the relationship between the same text and the law origin in the constitutional government . This chapter explains all the legal sources , legislation , appointed legislation and the precedent of the implementation of the law in real life . This chapter explains that they all have to run through the same constitutional value concept , which is consistent with the requirement of the same sentence . The fifth chapter discusses the relationship between the same sentence and the interpretation of the law in the constitutional government . Firstly , it explains the characteristics of the legal interpretation and the constitutional ethics contained in the legal interpretation . Finally , the conclusion is that the interpretation of the law is the final criterion in order to better apply the law and realize the justice value in the law . In the sixth chapter , we reflect on the different judgment of the same case , first describe the causes of the different judgment of the same case , then point out that the different judgment and the constitutional value of the same case are in conflict and do not conform to the requirements of the constitutional order . Finally , the author expounds the relationship between the different judgment of the same case and the party ' s authority , and the legal interpretation and legal reasoning . Chapter 7 puts forward the way to realize the same judgment in the same case . Firstly , it introduces the case guidance system established by the Supreme People ' s Court on the case guidance work , then points out that the central part of the guiding case lies in its decision gist , which not only plays the role of contacting the sources of law at all levels , but also has great significance to the change of the order of approval between the previous and lower courts .

【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D921

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