澳门个人资料保护法制研究

发布时间：2018-01-11 04:21

本文关键词：澳门个人资料保护法制研究　出处：《西南政法大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着计算机的运用和网络技术的发展,人们收集和处理个人信息的能力达到前所未有的状态,利用信息的效率也大为提高。但与此同时,个人信息逐步资料化以及数据化,国家机关和其他组织对个人信息的存储、传输、处理和利用更经常和普遍。但是个人信息却处于不当收集、处理和滥用的风险之中。侵害公民信息权的事件频频发生,如何保护公民的个人信息,防范不当干涉和侵权,成为要解决的问题。由于国内相关立法的缺失,现有的法律不能提供及时、有效的救济。尽管我国政府已将个人信息保护的问题列入立法计划中,但是国内法学界在理论基础方面的研究很少。本文以澳门个人资料保护法制为研究对象,全面介绍澳门个人资料保护制度的主要内容,汲取所长,为我国大陆相关研究和立法提供借鉴。本文分三个部分:第一部分讨论澳门个人资料保护的理论基础。首先论述了隐私权与个人资料的关系。个人资料的保护涉及隐私权,但是不是所有的个人资料都是隐私权。个人资料保护起步于隐私但不止于隐私。其次论述澳门个人资料保护的权利基础。澳门政府在《个人资料保护法》的提案中明确将隐私权作为澳门个人资料保护法制的权利基础。此外,《澳门特别行政区基本法》和澳门地区《民法典》中关于隐私权的规定也是澳门个人资料保护法制的规范基础。隐私权是澳门个人资料保护的权利根基。第二部分介绍澳门个人资料保护法制的基本内容。本部分主要从澳门个人资料保护的立法现状、澳门个人资料保护法的原则、资料当事人的权利体系、澳门个人资料保护机构以及救济机制五个方面进行叙述。澳门以《个人资料保护法》为基础建立了个人资料法律保护体系,以公开、透明以及尊重资料当事人的意思自治来处理个人资料为基本理念,确定了以透明的方式处理个人资料原则、尊重私人生活的隐私和法律所保护的基本权利、自由和保障的原则、合法性原则以及善意、适度原则。在这些原则的统领下,赋予资料当事人资讯权、查阅权、更正权、反对权以及损害赔偿请求权,规定处理个人资料的实体在处理个人资料过程中必须符合正当性条件,须履行相关义务以保障资料当事人的五大权利。资料处理不得违反当事人意思自治,如需处理敏感资料必须得到资料当事人的明确许可。在权利救济维度,《个人资料保护法》明确规定了七种违法行为和五种犯罪,从行为的违法程度及危害结果的大小界定行为人相应的行政或刑事责任,形成了全面的权利救济体系。在制度保障层面,澳门成立个人资料保护办公室,负责监察、协调对《个人资料保护法》的遵守和执行以及订定保密相关制度、监察及其执行,该机构以宣传教育为主、处罚为辅作为原则,开展普法宣传、行政违法调查、签发许可、指引和意见书、建立及更新个人资料处理登记库等工作,并积极参与国际及区际交流活动,不断完善澳门的个人资料保护工作。第三部分讨论澳门个人资料保护法制对大陆的启示。我国大陆地区尚未制定个人资料保护专法,澳门与大陆有很深的渊源,大陆借鉴澳门关于个人资料保护的立法存在可能性且具有现实意义。大陆可以借鉴澳门的立法模式、敏感资料的特别保护措施、主管机关以及对资料当事人权利体系以及救济机制五个方面。
[Abstract]:With the development of computer application and network technology, the ability of people to collect and process personal information to hitherto unknown state, the use of information efficiency is greatly improved. But at the same time, personal information and data information gradually, storage, state organs and other organizations on personal information transmission, processing and use of more frequent and widespread but personal information is improperly collected, risk treatment and abuse. Personal information violation events occur frequently, how to protect the personal information of citizens, to prevent undue interference and tort, is to solve the problem. Due to the lack of domestic legislation, the existing law can not provide timely and effective relief. Although our government has put the problem of protecting personal information included in the legislative plan, but little research in the theory of domestic law. Based on the personal information of Macao Material protection legal system as the research object, a comprehensive introduction to the main content, the personal data protection system in Macao learn the director, to provide a reference for our country, the related research and legislation. This paper is divided into three parts: the first part discusses the theoretical basis of Macao personal data protection. First discusses the relationship between privacy and personal data protection of personal data. To the right of privacy, but not all of the personal data privacy. All personal data protection started in privacy but more than privacy. Secondly, Macao based rights protecting personal data. The government of Macao in the "personal data protection law > the proposal will clear the privacy rights as the basis of Macao personal data protection legal system. In addition," Regulations on the privacy of the basic law of Macao Special Administrative Region and Macao area civil code > < > in Macao is also the personal data protection legal norms. Privacy is Australia The door of personal data protection rights foundation. The second part introduces the Macao personal data protection legal system and the basic content. This part is mainly from the legislative status quo of Macao Macao personal data protection, personal data protection law principle, the right system, Macao personal data protection mechanism and the five aspects of the relief mechanism described in Macao. "The personal data protection law" is established on the basis of personal information protection system, the law in an open, transparent and respect the autonomy of the parties to the data processing of personal data as the basic concept, the principle of the processing of personal data in a transparent way, respect for the basic rights protected by the laws of the private life and privacy, freedom and security principles. The principle of legality and goodwill, the principle of proportionality. In these principles under the guidance of the given right of information, access to the right, the right of correction, and opposition The right to claim for damages, provisions of the processing of personal data entities must comply with the legitimate conditions in the processing of personal data in the process, must fulfill their obligations to safeguard the rights of five parties. The data of data processing shall not violate the autonomy of the parties, such as the need to handle sensitive information must be expressly permitted by the parties. The right to relief in the data dimension, "the personal data protection law clearly stipulates the seven violations and five crimes, illegal behavior and harm results from degree of the size of the definition of behavior of the corresponding administrative or criminal liability, formed a comprehensive rights relief system. In the aspect of system guarantee, the establishment of the Macao office, responsible for the supervision of personal data protection, the coordination of < the personal data protection law" compliance and enforcement and set confidentiality system, supervision and execution, the institutions for publicity and education, supplemented by punishment as the principle, carry out Publicity, illegal administrative investigation, issuing permits, guidelines and opinions, establish and update personal data processing library registration work, and actively participate in international exchange activities and international areas, and constantly improve the personal data protection work in Macao. The third part discusses the Enlightenment of Macao personal data protection legal system for the mainland. The mainland of China has not yet developed the personal data protection law college, Macao has deep ties with the mainland, the mainland from Macao about personal information protection legislation possibility and practical significance. China can learn from the legislative mode of Macao, a special protection of sensitive information, the competent authorities of the five aspects of information system and the relief mechanism of the rights of the parties.

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D921.8

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