论公民的请愿权

发布时间：2018-02-25 07:18

本文关键词： 宪政基本人权请愿权　出处：《山西大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在社会经济高速发展的今天,公民的权利呈现出了日益扩大的趋势。然而,正如“无救济便无权利”所表达的,权利救济对于我们的意义,在某种层面上,甚至优于权利本身。尽管绝大多数纠纷的处理能够由司法机关来完成,但仍然有一些纠纷需要行政机关的介入才可以得到解决。因此,在市民社会中,公众应当拥有更多的权利和机会介入社会管理之中,成为决策制定的一份子。请愿权作为一种古老的权利,应当在新的历史时期发挥新的作用。公民请愿目的不应局限在寻求国家机关对其权益的保护方面,更应当在国家法律制定、政策实施等方面发挥其作为公众参与的特殊力量。实践层面,现行的信访制度就是公民请愿权行使的表现形式之一,我们完全可以将这种实践中的信访形式提升为公民法律上的请愿权,使公民能在公众参与的层面行使这项权利。本文运用文献研究法,对请愿权的历史及现状进行了分析；运用实证分析法,对公民请愿权的现实状况及完善进行了研究。除引言和结语外,本文共分四部分。第一部分论述请愿权的一般理论。首先对请愿权的概念、特征进行概括,并对相关概念进行比较,在此基础上对请愿权的权利属性进行分析,认为请愿权是公民基本权利的一种。然后,对请愿权的发展历史做简单梳理。最后,从基本人权和法治的基本原则以及社会安全阀理论的角度,阐述请愿权的理论基础。第二部分主要是域外公民请愿权宪法保障的经验借鉴。简要介绍了德国、日本、法国的请愿制度,同时还列举了国际人权公约中有关请愿权的内容。最后,总结了域外相关制度对我国的借鉴意义。第三部分主要是对我国公民请愿权宪法保障现状的分析。首先叙述了我国宪政史上历部宪法文本中对于请愿权的规定。然后,通过对两个事例的简要描述,介绍了现实生活中公民行使请愿权的方式。最后,对我国现行法律中请愿权的保障现状进行分析,认为无论是宪法及法律层面还是现有的制度层面,都缺乏对请愿权的相关保障,而且传统观念也制约着请愿权的发展。第四部分主要是完善我国公民请愿权宪法保障的建议,对如何完善请愿权的保障进行了阐述。在立法层面,应当将请愿权明确的写入宪法,并制定《请愿法》；在具体制度层面,应当对信访制度进行改革；在公民意识层面,应当强化公民的权利意识以及公众参与的意识。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, with the rapid development of social economy, the rights of citizens are increasingly expanding. However, as the expression of "No relief means no right", the meaning of right relief to us is on a certain level. Even over the right itself. Although the vast majority of disputes can be handled by the judiciary, there are still some disputes that need the intervention of the executive authorities to be resolved. Therefore, in civil society, The public should have more rights and opportunities to intervene in social management and become part of decision-making. As an ancient right, the right of petition should play a new role in the new historical period. At the practical level, the current petition system is one of the manifestations of the exercise of citizens' right to petition. We can elevate this form of petition in practice to the legal right of petition so that citizens can exercise this right at the level of public participation. This paper analyzes the history and present situation of the right of petition by using the method of literature research, and studies the reality and perfection of the right of petition by means of empirical analysis. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this article is divided into four parts. The first part discusses the general theory of the right of petition. Firstly, it generalizes the concept and characteristics of the right of petition, compares the related concepts, and then analyzes the property of the right of petition. The author holds that the right of petition is one of the basic rights of citizens. Then, the history of the development of the right of petition is simply combed. Finally, the theoretical basis of the right of petition is expounded from the perspective of the basic human rights, the basic principles of the rule of law and the theory of social safety valve. The second part is mainly about the experience of constitutional protection of citizens' right of petition abroad. It briefly introduces the petition system of Germany, Japan and France, and lists the contents of the right of petition in international human rights conventions. Finally, This paper summarizes the reference significance of the foreign related system to our country. The third part is mainly about the analysis of the status quo of the constitutional protection of citizens' right of petition. Firstly, it narrates the provisions of the constitutional texts of the history of constitutionalism for the right of petition. Then, through the brief description of the two cases, This paper introduces the way in which citizens exercise the right of petition in real life. Finally, it analyzes the present situation of the protection of the right of petition in the current law of our country, and holds that it is not only the constitutional and legal level, but also the existing system level. Both lack the protection of petition right, and the traditional idea restricts the development of petition right. The 4th part is mainly about the suggestion of perfecting the constitutional guarantee of the citizen's right of petition in our country, and expounds how to perfect the protection of the right of petition. At the legislative level, the right of petition should be explicitly written into the constitution. In the specific system level, the petition system should be reformed, and the citizen's right consciousness and public participation consciousness should be strengthened at the level of citizen consciousness.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D921

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