我国国家权力结构和运行机制研究

发布时间：2018-03-28 16:30

本文选题：国家权力　切入点：结构　出处：《湘潭大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：国家权力结构和运行机制，在很大程度上决定着一个国家政治生活的总体面貌。国家权力结构的形成又取决于国家权力的配置原则。西方国家普遍采用“权力分立”原则来配置国家权力，形成立法、司法、行政等不同权力要素分立制衡的结构。我们国家由于独特的社会经济条件和文化传统，在国家权力的配置原则上与西方国家有着根本的区别，从而形成了具有鲜明中国特色的国家权力结构和运行机制。文章主要是从国家权力的基本特性、国家权力的结构模式、国家权力的运行机制、国家权力结构和运行机制的利弊分析这几个部分加以阐述的。首先对国家权力的基本特性进行阐述，这章包括两个方面：一是国家权力的定义，首先从国家权力字面意思进行推敲，得出政治上的强制力量和职权范围内的支配力量两种含义，再从学者对这个词语含义的界定，有能力说、力量说、控制说、关系说四种观点，最后笔者结合阶级立场、历史观念、社会文化等多个因素，特别是结合我国的国情和党情对国家权力进行定义；二是从国家权力定义中得出三个特性，，即强制性、统一性、公共性。然后对我国国家权力的结构模式进行说明，从我国的实际情况而言，首先指出我国国家权力的构成要素，即国家主权、国家政权、党的领导权和国家机构的法定职权；然后用图表来直观的表述我国国家权力结构；最后根据国家权力结构可以得出我国国家权力结构的四个特点，即党国融合、中央总揽、政治协商、众权合一。最后说明我国国家权力的运行机制，国家权力本身就是一个极其复杂的结构体系，不同性质、不同层次的权力，其运行机制是不同的。我国是一党执政的国家，党的各级委员会（党组）实行集体领导和分工负责的制度。就组织机构而言，都是按照核心层集体决策体制设计出来的。各级党委向同级权力机关推荐干部，进行人事任免等事项，实际上就是协调、统一思想的过程，这是协商机制。我国党章和法律对各级党委和国家机关的监督进行了明确的规定，使国家权力能够正常的运行。每种不同的政治制度都有其优点，同时也存在着缺陷。文章最后对我国国家权力结构和运行机制的优势和弊端进行了初步的分析，以期对我国政治体制改革提供一点借鉴和启示。
[Abstract]:State power structures and operational mechanisms, To a large extent, it determines the overall appearance of a country's political life. The formation of the structure of state power depends on the principle of the allocation of state power. Western countries generally adopt the principle of "separation of powers" to allocate state power and form legislation. The structure of separate checks and balances between different elements of power, such as judicature and administration. Because of its unique social and economic conditions and cultural traditions, our country is fundamentally different from Western countries in the allocation of state power in principle. Thus forming the state power structure and operation mechanism with distinct Chinese characteristics. The article is mainly from the basic characteristics of the state power, the structure model of the state power, the operation mechanism of the state power, The advantages and disadvantages of state power structure and operation mechanism are discussed in this paper. Firstly, the basic characteristics of state power are expounded. This chapter includes two aspects: first, the definition of state power, First, from the literal meaning of state power, two meanings are obtained, namely, political coercive force and dominant power within the scope of power. Then, from the scholars' definition of the meaning of this term, they have the ability to say, the power to say, the control to say. In the end, the author defines the state power by combining the class position, historical concept, social culture and other factors, especially the situation of our country and the party feelings. Secondly, we draw three characteristics from the definition of state power. That is, compulsion, unity, publicity. Then the structural model of state power in our country is explained. From the actual situation of our country, we first point out the constituent elements of state power in our country, that is, state sovereignty, state power, The leadership of the Party and the statutory functions and powers of the state organs; then the state power structure of our country can be intuitively expressed with charts; finally, according to the state power structure, the four characteristics of the state power structure of our country can be obtained, namely, the integration of the party and the state, the general work of the central government, Political consultation, unity of power. Finally, it explains the operating mechanism of state power in our country. State power itself is an extremely complex structural system, with different nature and different levels of power. Our country is a country in which one party is in power, and the Party's committees at all levels (party groups) have a system of collective leadership and division of responsibilities. They are all designed according to the system of collective decision-making at the core level. Party committees at all levels recommend cadres to the organs of power at the corresponding level, appoint or remove personnel, and so on. In fact, this is a process of coordinating and unifying ideas. This is a consultative mechanism. The Party Constitution and laws clearly stipulate the supervision of party committees and state organs at all levels so that state power can function normally. Each political system has its own advantages and disadvantages. Finally, the article makes a preliminary analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the structure of state power and the operating mechanism of our country. With a view to China's political system reform to provide some reference and inspiration.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D921.1

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