中国宪法监督制度的问题及完善

发布时间：2018-05-06 06:39

本文选题：宪法监督 + 问题　；参考：《河北大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：宪法的生命在于实施,宪法的权威也在于实施。宪法监督制度作为保障宪法实施的重要举措,其制度设计直接影响着宪法实施的效果。1954年,我国第一部宪法确立了以全国人大、全国人大常委会为宪法监督主体的宪法监督制度,该制度其目的在于维护宪法秩序,保证人民民主。随着改革开放的深入,我国原有宪法监督体系已远不适应新形势下对宪法监督的要求,暴露出诸多存在的问题:一是全国人大及常委会即是立法机关又是监督机关,容易出现对自己颁布的法律监督不力之弊端;二是我国宪法监督制度理论设计落后,缺乏明确监督对象和监督标准;三是缺乏对违宪的有力制裁;四是公民启动监督程序困难,不具备可操作性。针对上述存在的问题,本文提出了几点完善建议:一是在全国人大下设立宪法委员会,由宪法委员会专职负责宪法监督的日常工作,保障宪法监督的及时、公正和效率。二是在监督对象方面,将法律、军事法规、特定领导人选举纳入宪法监督的范围,以加强宪法监督机关对这些公权力行为的约束;把审查国家机关之间权限争议的权力赋予宪法委员会,以解决权限争议无人处理的窘境。三是适当强化监督程序、监督后果。此外,还应建立宪法监督的辅助机制,以解决公民基本权利受法规侵害、救济不力的现状。将最高人民法院审查设定为公民提起宪法救济的先置程序,一方面保障了公民的基本权利,另一方面也防止了公民滥诉。
[Abstract]:The life of the constitution lies in the implementation, and the authority of the constitution also lies in the implementation. As an important measure to guarantee the implementation of the Constitution, the constitutional supervision system is designed to directly affect the effect of the implementation of the Constitution. In 1954, the first Constitution of our country established the National people's Congress (NPC). The standing Committee of the National people's Congress (NPC) is the main body of constitutional supervision, the purpose of which is to maintain the constitutional order and guarantee the people's democracy. With the deepening of reform and opening up, the original constitutional supervision system in China is far from meeting the requirements of constitutional supervision under the new situation, which exposes many existing problems: first, the NPC and its standing Committee are both legislative and supervisory organs. It is easy to appear the malpractice of weak supervision of the law promulgated by ourselves; second, the theoretical design of the constitutional supervision system in China is backward, lacking clear supervisory objects and standards; third, the lack of effective sanctions for unconstitutionality; and fourth, the difficulties of citizens in initiating supervision procedures. Not operable. In view of the above problems, this paper puts forward some suggestions: first, the constitution committee should be set up under the National people's Congress, which will be responsible for the daily work of the constitution supervision, and ensure the timely, fair and efficiency of the constitution supervision. Second, in the aspect of supervising object, we should bring the laws, military regulations and the election of specific leaders into the scope of constitutional supervision, so as to strengthen the restraint of the constitutional supervisory organs on these acts of public power; Endow the Constitutional Council with the power to examine disputes between state organs to resolve the problem of no one dealing with them. Third, appropriate strengthening of supervision procedures, supervision of the consequences. In addition, the auxiliary mechanism of constitutional supervision should be established to solve the situation that the basic rights of citizens are infringed by laws and regulations. The examination of the Supreme people's Court is a prerequisite procedure for citizens to bring constitutional relief. On the one hand, it protects the basic rights of citizens, on the other hand, it also prevents citizens from overappealing.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D921

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