麦迪逊宪政思想与苏格兰启蒙思想

发布时间：2018-05-24 08:13

本文选题：麦迪逊 + 苏格兰启蒙运动　；参考：《浙江大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：苏格兰启蒙运动对美国制宪深具影响。本文旨在探讨美国“宪法之父”麦迪逊与苏格兰启蒙运动之间的关系。苏格兰启蒙运动是英国自由主义的重要源头。与法兰西启蒙学者之激进态度不同,苏格兰启蒙思想家推崇稳健、调和之风,他们不仅提出了全新的人学思想,还创立了大共和国理论。麦迪逊从苏格兰启蒙思想中汲取了营养,他将零散而不完整的片段构建成了自己的理论框架：对人的合理阐释成为其理论的基点；大共和国理论无疑是他贡献最大、影响最为深远的思想,他得以首次实践在一个大国中建立共和政体；调和思想既是麦氏思想形成的工具,又是其思想中不可或缺的一部分。麦迪逊借鉴苏格兰启蒙思想,并根据美利坚的现实需要加以调和与拓展：麦氏改进了斯密的“公正的旁观者”理论,使其“自省”的范围由个人上升至国家。他还将心中那个“公正的旁观者”移植到宪法的设计之中,以规约其固有的不确定性；虽然大共和国理论最初的灵感可能源于休谟,但它的设计理路与休谟的完美共和国不尽相同。苏格兰启蒙思想启迪了麦迪逊的制宪思想,麦氏则通过制宪实践而进一步推广了苏格兰启蒙思想。
[Abstract]:The Scottish Enlightenment had a profound influence on the constitution of the United States. The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between Madison, the father of the American Constitution, and the Enlightenment in Scotland. The Scottish Enlightenment was an important source of British liberalism. Different from the radical attitude of French enlightening scholars, Scottish enlightenment thinkers advocated the trend of moderation and harmony. They not only put forward new ideas of human studies, but also founded the theory of the Great Republic. Madison drew nourishment from Scottish enlightenment and constructed his own theoretical framework of fragmented and incomplete fragments: the rational interpretation of man became the basis of his theory, and the theory of the Great Republic was undoubtedly his greatest contribution. With the most profound influence, he was able to establish a republic in a great country for the first time, and harmony thought was not only the tool of Mai's thought formation, but also an indispensable part of his thought. Madison draws lessons from the Scottish enlightenment thought, and adjusts and expands it according to the realistic needs of America: he improves Smith's "just bystander" theory, and makes his scope of "introspection" rise from individual to state. He also transplanted the "just bystander" into the design of the Constitution to regulate its inherent uncertainty, although the original inspiration for the Great Republic theory may have come from Hume, But its design is not the same as Hume's perfect republic. The Scottish Enlightenment thought inspired Madison's constitution-making thought, and McLaren further popularized the Scottish Enlightenment thought through the constitution-making practice.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D909.712;D911

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