最高国务会议与“五四宪法”的二元政体结构

发布时间：2018-10-04 18:42

【摘要】：最高国务会议是"五四宪法"中专属于国家主席的一种会议机制,最高国务会议表面上议而不决,但由于特殊的人员构成以及毛泽东在当时巨大的人格魅力和政治权威,最高国务会议反而成为超越常规国家机构、党的机构以及政治协商组织的超级国家权力机关,是一种统合一切的事实上的最高国家权力机关,是"五四宪法"中国家主席制度的枢机所在。毛泽东作为国家主席,内在于"五四宪法"体制之中,并与全国人大、国务院、最高人民法院和最高人民检察院组成常规政体结构。毛泽东作为革命领袖,即卡里斯玛担当者,又超乎在宪法之外,通过最高国务会议超越常规国家权力机关,由此形成"五四宪法"独特的二元政体结构。"五四宪法"是韦伯意义上的法理型统治和卡里斯玛统治的结合,内在地包含着毁灭自身的因素,为日后因接班人问题导致的宪法危机埋下了伏笔。
[Abstract]:The Supreme Council of State is a kind of meeting mechanism in the May 4th Constitution that belongs exclusively to the President of the State. On the surface, the Supreme Council of State discussed but did not make up its mind, but due to its special composition and Mao Zedong's great personality and political authority at that time, On the contrary, the Supreme Council of State has become a super state power organ that transcends conventional state institutions, party organs and political consultative organizations. It is a de facto supreme state power organ that combines everything. It is the cardinal seat of the state presidency system in the May 4th Constitution. Mao Zedong, as president of the state, is in the "May 4th Constitution" system and forms a regular political system structure with the National people's Congress, the State Council, the Supreme people's Court and the Supreme people's Procuratorate. Mao Zedong, as the leader of the revolution, that is, Khalisma, is beyond the Constitution and transcends the conventional organs of state power through the Supreme Council of State, thus forming the unique dualistic structure of the May 4th Constitution. " The May 4th Constitution is the combination of the rule of law in the sense of Weber and the rule of Khalisma, which contains the factors of destroying itself, and lays the groundwork for the constitutional crisis caused by the problem of successors in the future.
【作者单位】：北京航空航天大学法学院;
【分类号】：D921

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