古希腊罗马宪政思想的发展历程及影响研究

发布时间：2019-06-06 02:05

【摘要】：宪政是当代国际社会普遍接受的一种政治理念,是一种成熟合理的政治制度。当代宪政思想主要源于西方,而追寻西方宪政思想的源头,则要追溯到古希腊罗马时期。而本文研究的目的在于一方面,探讨古希腊罗马的宪政思想,研究古希腊罗马宪政思想的内涵;另一方面,把西方的宪政思想与中国的实际情况相结合进行研究。在文章结构上,本文主要分为四章。绪论部分主要阐述了国内外研究综述、有关宪政的概念界定、研究的内容与方法、研究的意义与存在的不足。前三章主要是按照时间的顺序,研究古希腊时期、希腊化时期、古罗马时期宪政思想的发展历程;在宪政思想上,希腊化时期对古希腊时期的宪政思想有继承、有发展,古罗马时期对古希腊时期、希腊化时期的宪政思想有继承、也有发展。第四章讲述古希腊罗马时期的宪政思想对西方近现代宪政思想的影响以及对我国的借鉴意义。古希腊罗马的宪政思想对西方近现代宪政思想有重要影响,这种影响一方面是一种宪政元素的影响;另一方面是西方近现代对古希腊罗马宪政思想的正统继承。但是西方近现代宪政思想在继承古希腊罗马宪政思想的基础上是有极大的发展的,现代西方宪政的很多东西是以前没有的。第四章第二部分论述古希腊罗马宪政思想对我国的借鉴意义。我国学习西方宪政思想并非直接从古希腊罗马时期学习,主要是近代学习西方大陆法系的宪政思想,结合我国的国情进而发展成具有中国特色的宪政思想。但是因为我国与西方在历史、文明、风俗等不同,所以如何把西方宪政思想运用到我国的宪政实践中一直是一个难题,也是本文存在的不足。古希腊时期的秩序、法制、民主与平等思想;希腊化时期的对个体的发现、世界国家、契约思想;古罗马时期的混合政体、法律平等思想促进了西方宪政思想的孕育和发展,对西方的宪政思想的形成乃至整个西方政治思想体系都起到了重要的作用。古希腊罗马时期的宪政思想对近现代西方宪政思想的发展产生了深远的影响。最主要的影响是通过文艺复兴和启蒙运动两大思想运动,思想家们寻找、发掘、研究古希腊罗马的诸多思想,在政治思想上主要是民主、法制、分权制衡、平等、自由等思想。思想家们天才地在思想上构建了具有现代意义的民主宪政国家,进而在实践上创建了英国、法国、美国等先进的宪政制度国家。这是古希腊罗马宪政思想元素的现代意义。从中国的角度讲,中国主要是引进近现代西方国家的宪政思想,根据中国的传统与国情,发展中国特色的宪政国家体制。但是引进西方的宪政思想,而不深入研究古希腊罗马的宪政思想,这样的研究毕竟是不深刻的。所以,在发展中国特色宪政国家的同时可以借鉴古希腊罗马的宪政思想。
[Abstract]:Constitutional government is a kind of political idea generally accepted by the contemporary international community, and it is a mature and reasonable political system. The contemporary constitutional thought mainly originates from the West, and the pursuit of the source of the western constitutional thought should be traced back to the ancient Greek and Roman period. The purpose of this paper is, on the one hand, to explore the constitutional thought of ancient Greece and Rome, to study the connotation of constitutional thought of ancient Greece and Rome; on the other hand, to combine the western constitutional thought with the actual situation of China. In the structure of the article, this paper is mainly divided into four chapters. The introduction mainly expounds the research review at home and abroad, the definition of the concept of constitutionalism, the contents and methods of the study, the significance and shortcomings of the study. The first three chapters mainly study the development of constitutional thought in ancient Greece, Greeks and Rome according to the order of time. In terms of constitutional thought, the Greek period inherited and developed the constitutional thought of ancient Greece, and the ancient Roman period inherited and developed the constitutional thought of ancient Greece and Greek period. The fourth chapter describes the influence of ancient Greek and Roman constitutional thought on western modern constitutional thought and its reference significance to our country. The constitutional thought of ancient Greece and Rome has an important influence on the western modern constitutional thought. On the one hand, this influence is the influence of a constitutional element; on the other hand, it is the orthodox inheritance of the western modern constitutional thought of ancient Greece and Rome. However, the western modern constitutional thought has made great progress on the basis of inheriting the ancient Greek and Roman constitutional thought, and many things of modern western constitutional government have not been found before. The second part of the fourth chapter discusses the reference significance of ancient Greek and Roman constitutional thought to our country. The study of western constitutional thought in China is not directly from ancient Greece and Rome, but mainly from the constitutional thought of western civil law system in modern times, and then developed into constitutional thought with Chinese characteristics according to the national conditions of our country. However, because our country and the West are different in history, civilization, customs and so on, how to apply the western constitutional thought to the constitutional practice of our country has always been a difficult problem, and it is also the deficiency of this paper. The thought of order, legal system, democracy and equality in ancient Greece, the discovery of individuals in the Greek period, the thought of contract in the world, and the thought of contract in the Greek period. In the mixed regime of ancient Rome, the thought of legal equality promoted the gestation and development of western constitutional thought, and played an important role in the formation of western constitutional thought and even the whole western political and ideological system. The constitutional thought in ancient Greece and Rome had a profound influence on the development of modern western constitutional thought. The most important influence is that through the Renaissance and Enlightenment, thinkers look for, explore and study many ideas of ancient Greece and Rome, mainly democracy, legal system, separation of powers and checks and balances, equality, freedom and so on. Thinkers genius built a democratic constitutional country with modern significance in thought, and then established advanced constitutional system countries such as Britain, France, the United States and so on in practice. This is the modern significance of the elements of ancient Greek and Roman constitutional thought. From the point of view of China, China mainly introduces the constitutional thought of modern western countries and develops the constitutional state system with Chinese characteristics according to Chinese tradition and national conditions. However, the introduction of western constitutional thought, without in-depth study of ancient Greek and Roman constitutional thought, such a study is not profound after all. Therefore, we can draw lessons from the constitutional thought of ancient Greece and Rome while developing the constitutional country with Chinese characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D911

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