论家庭暴力所涉的“正当防卫”问题

发布时间：2018-01-18 07:23

本文关键词：论家庭暴力所涉的“正当防卫”问题　出处：《湘潭大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：正当防卫是指为了使国家、公共利益、本人或者他人的人身、财产和其他权利免受正在进行的不法侵害，而采取的制止不法侵害的行为。它的要件包括防卫起因、防卫时间、防卫对象、防卫主观条件和防卫强度。在家庭暴力环境下，由于传统正当防卫理论过于严格，受害人的反抗行为往往很难被认定为正当防卫，他们的反抗行为难以符合正当防卫理论中的起因条件，即必须存在现实的不法侵害；时间条件，即必须对“正在进行”的不法侵害进行反抗；限度条件，即必须没有明显超过必要限度造成重大损害。最后，在司法实践中，对于防卫过当的量刑也存在不均衡的问题，往往会有同案不同判的现象。针对在家庭暴力中适用传统正当防卫理论存在的问题分析，原因有二：其一是家庭暴力有其自身的特殊性，包括家庭空间的私密性，暴力行为的反复性，暴力方法的多样性，受害人心理异常性，受害人自身弱势性，这些特殊性导致适用传统的正当防卫理论存在困难；其二是在家庭暴力的环境中传统的正当防卫理论本身过于严格，包括防卫起因过严，防卫时间过窄，防卫限度过苛和防卫过当量刑不均衡。结合以上问题和原因，正当防卫理论在家庭暴力中适用可以从防卫起因上加以完善，即把家庭暴力看成是长期的不法侵害；从时间上加以完善，即把防卫的时间中的“紧迫性”适当放宽；从限度上加以完善，即把防卫限度中的防卫强度合理的放松；从量刑上加以完善，，即在量刑情节中，从理论上充分考虑到家庭暴力和被害人过错等因素。
[Abstract]:Self-defense is to protect the state, public interest, personal, property and other rights from the ongoing illegal infringement. Its elements include the cause of defense, the time of defense, the object of defense, the subjective condition of defense and the intensity of defense. Because the traditional justifiable defense theory is too strict, it is difficult for the victim's resistance behavior to be considered as legitimate defense, and their resistance behavior is difficult to meet the cause conditions in the legitimate defense theory. That is, there must be a real illegal infringement; Time condition, namely must carry on the resistance to the "ongoing" illegal infringement; Limit conditions, that is, must not obviously exceed the necessary limit to cause significant damage. Finally, in judicial practice, there is also an imbalance in the sentencing of defense, there is often a phenomenon of different sentences in the same case. There are two reasons for analyzing the problems existing in the application of traditional self-defense theory in domestic violence. One is that domestic violence has its own particularity, including the privacy of family space, the repetition of violence. The diversity of violence methods, the psychological abnormality of the victims and the weakness of the victims themselves lead to the difficulties of applying the traditional theory of legitimate defense; The other is that the traditional justifiable defense theory is too strict in the environment of domestic violence, including too strict defense cause, too narrow defense time, too harsh defense limit and unbalanced sentencing. Combined with the above problems and reasons, the theory of justifiable defense in domestic violence can be improved from the defense causes, that is to say, domestic violence is regarded as a long-term illegal aggression; Perfect from the time, that is to say, the "urgency" in the time of defense should be relaxed appropriately; Perfect from the limit, that is to say, the defense intensity in the defense limit should be relaxed reasonably; In the circumstances of sentencing, the factors such as domestic violence and the fault of the victim are taken into full consideration in the circumstances of sentencing.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.1

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