强制执行中对拒执罪适用的探讨

发布时间：2018-01-20 04:48

本文关键词： 执行难拒执罪刑罚信仰　出处：《华东政法大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国的老百姓从封建社会的“畏讼”逐渐发展到如今的“唯讼”,加上打官司的成本大幅下降,一旦遇到矛盾纠纷,和解不成就找法院解决。这就导致了人民法院受理各类案件逐年激增,未自动履行判决义务进入执行程序的案件数量也随之膨胀,随之执行难问题愈发严重,人民法院认识到此顽症系一个由于社会诚信缺失、市场监管缺位、司法惩戒乏力造成的综合性社会问题”,然而无论是社会信用体系的完善,还是执行措施的创新对于破解“执行难”均是治标之策,破解执行难,最终要归结到公民法律信仰的水平的提高。在一个法治化水平较高的国家里,公民有着较高水平的法律信仰,那么司法权威自然地得到尊崇。传统政体民众法律信仰水平的提高是一个被动、长期、循序渐进的过程。因此通过提高法律适用的威慑力,迫使民众知法、守法从而最终提高民众的法律信仰水平是破解执行难的一个重要的司法出路。而执行工作中加大对刑罚的适用就能够重塑执行威慑,即足以对被执行人产生惩戒、教育作用,又能提高公民的法律信仰水平。但实践中对刑罚(拒执罪)的适用遭遇了瓶颈,原因是拒执罪适用程序被搁置,形同虚设；存在重强制执行措施轻刑事制裁的倾向；刑罚的缺位致执行强制力弱化。外部原因则是制度上的缺陷和司法者对待拒执罪的消极与不力。为了能让刑罚在执行工作中发挥作用,需要理顺和领会拒执罪罪名的立法本意,建构有效的追究被执行人拒不履行义务刑事责任的相关规则和惩戒体系网络；需要完善拒执罪的追诉方式、明确认定标准、降低追诉程序的门槛,来确保执行中刑罚的有效回归。 2014年是司法改革大年,司法者应顺应改革大潮,大胆创新,攻坚克难。须整合司法资源,合理安排职务,提高办案效率。尝试转变司法警察队伍单一职能,参与到执行工作中去；赋予司法警察特定的立案侦查权,逐步解决追诉拒执罪立案难、举证难的窘境。未来司法之路,在对于拒执罪的适用和追诉,多管齐下,必定会越来越顺畅。另外,横向比较其他国家,对于拒执行为的处理,多数归入“藐视法庭罪”的范畴。而在国内,短期内立法上无订立此罪的条件,只能期待并呼唤刑罚的合理回归,在实践中加大拒执罪适用,对乏力的司法惩戒手段及时补位。
[Abstract]:The common people in our country have gradually developed from "fear of litigation" in feudal society to "only litigation" now, and the costs of litigation have dropped substantially, once they encounter contradictions and disputes. Reconciliation does not achieve to find a court to resolve. This led to the people's court to accept a variety of cases increased year by year, the number of cases that did not automatically perform the judgment obligations into the execution process has expanded, and the problem of enforcement becomes more and more serious. The people's court recognizes that this stubborn disease is a comprehensive social problem caused by the lack of social integrity, the absence of market supervision, and the lack of judicial discipline ", however, whether it is the perfection of the social credit system. Or the innovation of executive measures is the strategy to solve the problem of "execution difficulty", and the difficulty of solving the problem comes down to the improvement of the level of citizens' legal belief, in a country with a higher level of rule of law. Citizens have a higher level of legal faith, so judicial authority is naturally respected. The improvement of the level of legal belief of the people in the traditional regime is a passive, long-term. Therefore, it is an important judicial way to solve the problem by increasing the deterrent of law application, forcing people to know the law, and finally improving the level of people's legal belief. And the implementation of the work to increase the application of penalties can reshape the implementation of deterrence, that is, sufficient to the execution of disciplinary, educational role. But in practice, the application of penalty (refusing to hold the crime) encountered a bottleneck, because the application procedure of refusing to hold the crime was put on hold, and it was virtual. There is a tendency to put more emphasis on enforcement measures than on criminal sanctions; The absence of penalty weakens the enforcement force. The external reasons are the defects in the system and the negative and weak treatment of the judiciary in order to enable the penalty to play a role in the implementation of the work. It is necessary to straighten out and understand the legislative intent of refusing to commit a crime, and construct an effective network of relevant rules and disciplinary system for investigating the executors' refusal to fulfill their obligations. To ensure the effective return of penalty in execution, it is necessary to perfect the prosecution mode of refusing to hold the crime, to clearly identify the standard and to lower the threshold of prosecution procedure. 2014 is the great year of judicial reform, the judiciary should comply with the tide of reform, bold innovation, difficult to overcome the difficulties, must integrate judicial resources, reasonable arrangement of duties. Improve the efficiency of handling cases. Try to change the single function of the judicial police force, participate in the implementation of the work; To give the judicial police a specific power to file and investigate, gradually solve the difficulty of filing the case against prosecution, proof difficult situation. The way of future justice, in the application and prosecution of refusing to hold the crime, multi-pronged approach. It is bound to become smoother. In contrast to other countries, most of the cases of refusal to act fall under the category of "contempt of court". In the domestic legislation, there are no conditions for such an offence to be established in the short term. We can only expect and call for the reasonable return of punishment, increase the application of refusing to hold the crime in practice, and make up the lack of judicial punishment in time.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.1;D924.3

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