环境犯罪主体处罚范围的厘定——以中立帮助行为理论为视角

发布时间：2018-02-02 04:22

本文关键词： 环境犯罪单位犯罪共犯中立帮助行为污染环境罪　出处：《湖南大学学报(社会科学版)》2017年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：中立帮助行为理论,可以为限制环境犯罪中共犯的成立范围以及单位犯罪中直接责任人员的处罚范围提供理论支撑。应否作为犯罪主体进行处罚,应考虑是否属于正当的业务行为、对犯罪支配的程度、法定刑的轻重、违法性总量大小、期待可能性高低以及预防犯罪的必要性大小等因素。受雇(聘)在污染企业中从事生产、加工、排污的普通职工的行为,由于通常具有业务中立性,期待可能性较小,一般不值得处罚;受雇运输倾倒危险废物的,通常应作为犯罪处理;出租场地、设备的,不值得处罚;只有实际管控企业的投资者,才应承担刑事责任;在非法采矿中受雇驾船、开机器、采矿、记账的人员,不值得科处刑罚;除盗伐林木外,受雇采伐林木的行为不值得评价为犯罪;受雇非法捕捞水产品、狩猎的,不值得科处刑罚,但明知可能属于珍贵、濒危野生动物仍受雇猎捕、杀害的,可能成立共犯。
[Abstract]:The theory of neutral help behavior can provide theoretical support for restricting the scope of establishment of accomplices in environmental crimes and the scope of punishment of persons directly responsible in unit crimes. Consideration should be given to whether it is a legitimate business act, the degree to which the crime is dominated, the severity of the statutory punishment, and the total amount of illegality. Expected possibility and the necessity of crime prevention and other factors. Employed (employed) in polluting enterprises engaged in the production, processing, discharge of the behavior of ordinary workers, due to the usual business neutrality. The expectation possibility is small, generally does not deserve to punish; Employment for the dumping of hazardous wastes shall normally be treated as an offence; If the premises or equipment are leased out, they are not worthy of punishment; Only the investors who actually control the enterprise should bear criminal responsibility; Those employed in illegal mining to drive ships, operate machines, mining and keeping accounts are not deserving of punishment; With the exception of illegally felling trees, it is not a crime to be employed and felled; Whoever is employed in illegal fishing for aquatic products and hunts does not deserve to be punished. However, if he knows that it may be precious, endangered wild animals are still employed to hunt for and kill, he may be an accomplice.
【作者单位】：东南大学法学院;
【基金】：中国法学会2016年度部级法学研究课题:污染环境罪适用研究[CLS(2016)D52]
【分类号】：D924.3
【正文快照】： 根据《刑法》第31条规定,单位犯罪的,除对单位判处罚金外,还应对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员判处刑罚。不过,在具体案件中到底如何把握“直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员”的处罚范围,却是长期困扰理论与实务的难题。[1](P705)尽管相关(准)司法解释规定“在

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