见危不助行为的刑事立法研究

发布时间：2018-02-03 02:35

本文关键词： 见危不助行为危难状态刑事立法　出处：《湖南师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：很早之前我国就有学者呼吁将见危不助行为纳入刑事立法,但至今见危不助的犯罪化仍然未能实现。与此同时,见危不助现象也在我国频频发生,导致我国公民利益和社会利益都受到损害。由于有特定义务和责任的见危不助行为主体已有相关的法律对其进行规制,目前我们亟需寻找一条道路来有效遏制没有特定义务和因果关系的狭义的见危不助行为。见危不助行为发生的原因主要包括“责任分散效应”、“经纪人理论”和缺乏与见危不助相关法律指引等方面,针对这几点因素,对见危不助行为进行刑事立法是具备一定的现实基础的。一方面通过刑罚的惩罚手段对那些潜在的见危不助者形成巨大的威慑力,进而能有效的抑制见危不助犯罪的发生。另一方面,国家通过刑事立法对见危不助行为给予惩罚,从而明确并强调了对见危不助行为的否定性评价。从理论层面上来说,见危不助行为的犯罪化不仅没有与刑法的谦抑性和罪刑法定原则相违背,而且还是对其更好的体现,因此对见危不助行为进行刑事立法是具备一定的理论基础的。通过对域外国家关于见危不助立法的考察,可以学习到不同国家立法的先进之处,再根据我国特有的国情借鉴到适合我国见危不助立法的精华。最后,基于刑法理论应当对见危不助犯罪进行适合中国国情的刑法设计,使见危不助行为的刑事立法具备可操作性和合理性。一方面在严格控制“危”的范围基础上,从罪名到主客观要件都必须明确的表述出来,避免见危不助罪的打击面过大,使立法目的落空。另一方面,考虑到见危不助犯罪的轻罪性质,对其惩罚方式要将自由刑和罚金刑灵活的结合起来,惩罚力度在民众能够接受的基础上又能形成强大的威慑力,这样可以更好的使民众将见危而助这种强制义务转化为内心的自觉性。
[Abstract]:A long time ago, some scholars in our country have called for the act of seeing danger not helping to be included in the criminal legislation, but the crime of seeing danger and not helping is still not realized. At the same time, the phenomenon of seeing danger or not helping also occurs frequently in our country. As a result, the interests of our citizens and social interests have been damaged. Due to the specific obligations and responsibilities of the subject of the act has been regulated by relevant laws. At present, we urgently need to find a way to effectively curb the narrow sense of unhelpful behavior without specific obligations and causality. The main reasons for the occurrence of such behavior include the "responsibility dispersion effect". The theory of "broker" and the lack of legal guidance on whether to see danger or not to help, and so on, aiming at these factors. On the one hand, it is a great deterrent to those who see danger and do not help through the punishment of punishment. On the other hand, the state adopts criminal legislation to punish the crime. From a theoretical point of view, the criminalization of the act is not only not contrary to the modesty of criminal law and the principle of legality. And it is a better embodiment, so the criminal legislation on the act of not helping to see danger is based on certain theory. Through the investigation of the legislation of non-help to see danger in the foreign countries. Can learn from the advanced legislation of different countries, and then according to the unique national conditions of our country to learn from the essence of legislation suitable for our country. Finally. Based on the theory of criminal law, it is necessary to design the criminal law suitable for the situation of China, so that the criminal legislation of the act of seeing danger or not assisting should be operable and reasonable. On the one hand, on the basis of strictly controlling the scope of "danger". From the charge to the subjective and objective elements must be clearly expressed to avoid seeing danger do not help the crime of the impact of too large, so that the legislative purpose failed. On the other hand, considering the nature of the misdemeanor. To its punishment way should combine the free penalty and the fine punishment nimbly, the punishment strength in the populace can accept the foundation but also can form the formidable deterrent force. This can better enable the public to see the danger and help this compulsory obligation into the inner consciousness.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.1

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