论刑事欺诈犯罪与民事欺诈行为主观与客观方面的界分

发布时间：2018-02-04 06:39

本文关键词： 刑事欺诈罪非法占有民事欺诈行为主观方面客观方面　出处：《安徽大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：刑事欺诈犯罪与民事欺诈纠纷往往交织在一起,对此很难分辨,在实践操作中尤其难以区分使用合同进行欺诈犯罪与民事中的欺诈行为。如果不能正确区分这两种行为,就可能将刑事犯罪轻易认定为民事纠纷,或者将民事纠纷界定为刑事犯罪处以刑罚。加强刑事欺诈犯罪和民事欺诈行为的区分研究,是法学理论与司法实务中的重要问题,具有重要的理论与现实意义。刑事欺诈犯罪与民事欺诈行为虽然在外在表现上都是行为人主观上具有欺诈的故意,客观上采取了欺诈行为,使相对人陷入错误而处分了财产。但两者分属于不同的法律调整,具有质的不同。一定情况下,刑事欺诈犯罪中可能包含民事欺诈的成份,民事欺诈在一定条件下可能转化为刑事犯罪。刑事欺诈犯罪与民事欺诈行为从主观方面看,均外在表现为故意,但两者却具有不同的内涵,在故意的时间、内容、形式、形态及目的上也有较大的区别。直接故意是刑事欺诈犯罪仅有的一种故意形态,而直接故意和间接故意均可以成为民事欺诈行为的故意形态；“非法占有”是刑事欺诈犯罪所必须具备的犯罪目的,而民事欺诈行为,则仅要求使用欺诈的手段,使相对人陷入错误或做出了错误的意思表示,至于行为人是否成功地非法占有了他人的财物则不是民事欺诈的故意所需要考虑的；事前故意、事中故意和事后故意是刑事欺诈犯罪故意产生时间的三种情形,民事欺诈行为由于受到故意内容的限制,其故意有可能在实施民事行为之前产生,也可能和实施民事行为同时产生。刑事欺诈犯罪与民事欺诈行为从客观上分析,两者也是有很大区别的。在欺诈的内容上,刑事欺诈犯罪中,行为人从内心上说没有履行义务的诚意,其主观目的在于非法占有他人财物,而在民事欺诈行为中,行为人希望通过欺骗的方式或不履行民事中应尽的告知义务,进而违背民事主体在交易中应当遵循的公平原则,其本意并非不履行民事法律关系中的权利义务；在欺诈程度上,行为人的欺诈程度只要到社会一般普通人都能陷入错误的认识程度,同时综合考虑客观判断标准为主和被骗人的主观判断能力来衡量欺诈的程度；在欺诈的方式上,民事欺诈的行为方式要广于刑事欺诈犯罪,只要足以妨碍对方真实意思表示之自由,就可以构成欺诈；在欺诈行为的完成形态上,刑事欺诈犯罪存在犯罪预备、犯罪中止、犯罪既遂和未遂四种形态,而民事欺诈行为在直接故意形态支配下只存在既遂的形态,如果主观上是间接故意,便不存在未遂了,只可能存在是否成立民事欺诈的问题；在欺诈的客体上刑事欺诈犯罪侵犯的客体仅仅侵犯了公私财产的所有权,即财物所有人对自己财物享有的占有、使用、收益和处分的权利,而民事欺诈侵犯了民事行为的平等和自由；在法律后果方面,刑事欺诈的法律后果严于民事欺诈行为,受到刑事处罚,而民事欺诈所导致的法律责任是多样的,结合具体案情适用不同的责任形式。
[Abstract]:Criminal fraud and civil fraud disputes are often intertwined, it is difficult to distinguish, in practice especially difficult to distinguish use contract fraud and civil fraud crime in. If you can't distinguish between these two kinds of behavior, it may be easily recognized as criminal or civil disputes, civil disputes will be defined as the criminal the criminal penalty of crime of fraud. Strengthening the criminal and civil fraud, is an important problem in legal theory and judicial practice, it has important theoretical and practical significance.
Criminal fraud and civil fraud although in appearance is subjective with the objective to deliberate fraud, fraud, the relative error in disposition of the property. But they belong to different legal adjustment, is essentially different. Under certain circumstances, may contain elements of civil fraud the crime of criminal fraud, civil fraud under certain conditions can be transformed into a criminal offense.
Criminal fraud and civil fraud from the subjective aspect, both the external manifestations of intent, but they have different connotations, in the intentional time, content, form, shape and to have a greater difference. The direct intentional crime of criminal fraud is only a form of intentional, and direct intention and indirect deliberately can become a civil fraud intentional form; "illegal possession" is a necessary criminal purpose of the crime of fraud crime, and civil fraud, it only requires the use of fraudulent means, the relative person in the wrong or do the wrong meaning, as to whether the perpetrator succeeded in illegal possession of others the property is not civil fraud intentionally need to consider things in advance; deliberate intent and negligence is three cases of crime criminal fraud intentionally produce time, due to the civil fraud To the limits of intentional content, it is likely to occur before the implementation of the civil act, and may also be produced at the same time with the implementation of civil acts.
Criminal fraud and civil fraud analysis objectively, which is a big difference. The content of the crime of fraud fraud, criminal behavior, people from the heart that did not fulfill the obligations of good faith, the subjective purpose of illegal possession of the property of others, and in civil fraud, the behavior of people hope through deception or not to fulfill the obligation of civil, and thus violates the fair principle of civil subject should be followed in the transaction, the intention is not to perform civil legal relationship of rights and obligations; the degree of fraud, fraud of human behavior as long as the social common people can fall into the wrong understanding, and comprehensive considering the subjective judgment criteria and deceived people to measure the extent of fraud; fraud in the way, behavior of civil fraud in criminal fraud committed to Guangzhou The crime, as long as enough to impede freedom of the true meaning of each other, can constitute fraud; fraud in the complete form of crime, criminal fraud in criminal preparation, discontinuance of crime, four forms of crime accomplishment and attempted, and civil fraud in the form of a direct intentional crime exists only if the form is subjective indirect intention, there will not be attempted, only possible whether the establishment of civil fraud problem; object of crime of infringing criminal fraud in fraud object only violated the ownership of public or private property, the property owner of their property possession, use, disposal and the proceeds of the rights, and civil fraud and violations of liberty equal civil behavior; in the legal consequences, legal consequences of criminal fraud in the strict civil fraud, criminal penalties, and legal liability of civil fraud caused by many In the case of a specific case, different forms of responsibility should be applied.

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.3;D923

【参考文献】