牵连犯理论与实践的再思考

发布时间：2018-02-16 14:08

本文关键词： 牵连犯现象罪数理论数罪并罚　出处：《华东政法大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：综观当今世界各国的罪数理论，有的国家对牵连犯现象从刑事立法上进行了明确规定，如日本；有的国家完全没有牵连犯的概念，如美国；有的国家虽然刑事立法上没有明文规定，却在罪数理论体系中对牵连犯现象进行了深入的探讨，如中国。这种既无法律明确规定，也无充实的理论沿革历程，导致我国牵连犯理论没有形成完备的、行之有效的体系和机制。当前我国牵连犯理论在定义、牵连关系、牵连犯处罚标准等基本概念上十分混乱，理论的混乱也必然导致实践的困惑。因而，牵连犯理论存在是否必要，牵连犯现象作为处断一罪有无合理依据，值得思考。本文通过全面分析和探讨，从理论和实践角度思考牵连犯现象，阐述牵连犯现象的本质和特征。本文共分为三章：第一章回顾了牵连犯理论的基本概况。首先，文章了解到牵连犯来源于德国，其产生后并未得到普遍认可，当前德国刑法也未明文规定；旧中国刑法存在牵连犯理论；台湾地区在2005年修正刑法以后，废除了有关牵连犯的法律条文；大陆地区刑法虽无明文规定，但理论研究却十分繁荣。其次，概括了国内外对于牵连犯定义的观点，明确牵连犯现象的基本要素，，即行为人出于一个主要的犯罪目的，实施了数个相对独立具有牵连关系的犯罪行为，触犯数个罪名。最后，文章在罪数理论体系中，探讨牵连犯与其他罪数形态的异同，明确界线。第二章反思了牵连犯的理论和实践现状，本章可以分为两个部分。第一部分，总结和评价当前牵连犯理论在牵连罪数的认定、牵连关系的判断以及牵连犯处罚标准等方面的主要观点，并论述这些观点间的区别和争议。第二部分，在之前总结的基础上，对牵连犯理论存在的必要性进行质疑，展开讨论。首先，阐明了牵连犯在形式上和实质上都是数罪；其次，论证了牵连犯从一罪处断之依据不合理，其作为处断一罪没有根据；最后，文章认为犯罪行为间存在的牵连关系只是对犯罪事实的客观反映，在定罪量刑中至多作为量刑情节加以考量，而不应作为从一罪论处的依据，固牵连犯减轻刑事责任违背罪刑相一致原则。第三章探讨了废除牵连犯理论的构想。首先，文章论证牵废除连犯理论的可能性，立足牵连犯理论存废之争的现状，总结保留牵连犯理论的主要观点；其后，分析这些主张，有针对性的论证和提出废除牵连犯理论的根据：要保证理论与立法的一致性；要便于司法实践；要建立完备完善的罪数体系。因而，废除牵连犯理论十分必要。文章最后论述了牵连犯理论废除的可行性。首先研究并总结出牵连犯理论废除后可能出现的问题，对这些问题进行分析，并提出有效的应对解决措施；其后，借鉴英美法系的罪数理论，综合考虑，主张对牵连犯现象实行数罪并罚，并对这种处罚方式的理论和实践的价值进行论证。
[Abstract]:Looking at the crime number theory of countries all over the world, some countries have clearly stipulated the phenomenon of implicated crime from the criminal legislation, for example, Japan, some countries have no concept of implicated crime, such as the United States; Although there is no explicit provision in criminal legislation, some countries have deeply discussed the phenomenon of implicated crime in the theoretical system of number of crimes, such as China, which has neither clear legal provisions nor substantial theoretical evolution. As a result, the theory of implicated crime in our country has not formed a complete and effective system and mechanism. At present, the theory of implicated offense in our country is very confused in basic concepts, such as definition, implicated relation, penalty standard of implicated offense, and the confusion of theory will inevitably lead to confusion in practice. Therefore, is it necessary for the theory of implicated offense to exist? It is worth thinking about whether the phenomenon of implicated offense is a reasonable basis to deal with the first crime. Through comprehensive analysis and discussion, this paper discusses the phenomenon of implicated crime from the angle of theory and practice, and expounds the essence and characteristics of the phenomenon of implicated crime. This article is divided into three chapters:. The first chapter reviews the basic situation of implicated offense theory. First of all, the article understands that implicated crime originated in Germany, which has not been generally recognized since its emergence, and is not clearly stipulated in German criminal law at present, and there is a theory of implicated crime in old Chinese criminal law. After the criminal law was amended in 2005 in Taiwan, the relevant legal provisions on implicated crime were abolished. Although the criminal law in mainland China has no explicit provisions, the theoretical research is very prosperous. Secondly, it summarizes the domestic and foreign views on the definition of implicated crime. It is clear that the basic elements of the phenomenon of implicated crime, that is, the perpetrator, for a major purpose, has committed several relatively independent criminal acts and committed several crimes. Finally, in the theoretical system of the number of crimes, This paper discusses the similarities and differences between implicated crime and other forms of crime, and clarifies the boundary. The second chapter reflects on the theory and practice of implicated crime, this chapter can be divided into two parts. In the second part, on the basis of the previous summary, we question the necessity of the existence of implicated offense theory. First of all, it clarifies that implicated crime is a number of crimes in both form and substance; secondly, it demonstrates that the basis of the conviction of implicated crime from a crime is unreasonable, and that there is no basis for its conviction as a crime; finally, The article holds that the implicated relationship between criminal acts is only an objective reflection of the fact of the crime, and should be considered as the circumstances of sentencing at most in the conviction and sentencing, and should not be used as the basis for the punishment from one crime. The consistent principle of crime and punishment should be violated when the criminal liability is reduced. The third chapter discusses the conception of the theory of abrogation of implicated offense. Firstly, the article demonstrates the possibility of the theory of leading and repealing the continuous offense, and summarizes the main points of view of the theory of reserved implicated offense based on the current situation of the debate about the existence and abolition of the theory of implicated offense. It is necessary to ensure the consistency between the theory and the legislation, to facilitate the judicial practice, to establish a complete and perfect system of the number of crimes, and to put forward the basis of abolishing the theory of implicated offense. It is very necessary to abolish the theory of implicated offense. Finally, the paper discusses the feasibility of abolishing the theory of implicated offense. First of all, it studies and summarizes the possible problems after the theory of implicated offense is abolished, and analyzes these problems. And put forward the effective measures to solve the problem; then, draw lessons from the Anglo-American law system of the number of crimes theory, comprehensive consideration, advocate the phenomenon of implicated crime, and the value of the theory and practice of this punishment is demonstrated.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.1

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