论职业禁止的刑事司法适用

发布时间：2018-02-16 15:06

本文关键词： 刑法职业禁止司法适用　出处：《哈尔滨商业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：职业禁止是由人民法院作出的在一定期限内禁止犯罪人再次从事相关职业的措施,除具有法定性、强制性等一般刑事制裁措施具有的特征之外,还具有附随性和补充性的特征。职业禁止的设立解决我国刑罚无法兼顾惩罚与预防目的的问题,实现了与非刑事制裁措施的衔接。职业禁止作为一项新的刑事制裁措施,其性质存在资格刑说、非刑罚处罚措施说和保安处分说。但是,从职业禁止的目的分析,其主要目的在于预防行为人再犯,在实现此特殊预防目的过程中又达到了一般预防,即防卫社会的目的。从罪责关系上来看,行为人受非难的可能性依据在于其人身危险性的大小。因此,职业禁止是以特殊预防为目的的保安处分。适用职业禁止的形式要件为刑罚执行完毕或犯罪人被假释,即只有当犯罪人主刑实行完毕或被采取假释之后才可以对其进行职业禁止。职业禁止的实质要件是根据犯罪人的犯罪情况和预防再犯罪的需要,此实质要件是职业禁止保安处分性质的突出体现。职业禁止的适用对象是利用职业便利或违背职业要求的特定义务实施犯罪的人。职业禁止的决定机关应是人民法院,但执行机关我国刑法并未规定。但从便于考察犯罪人是否仍具有再犯可能性的角度来说,应是犯罪人住所地的社区矫正机关。
[Abstract]:Occupational prohibition is a measure taken by the people's court to prohibit the offender from engaging in the relevant occupation again within a certain period of time, except for the characteristics of the general criminal sanctions, such as legal qualification and compulsory, etc. The establishment of occupational prohibition solves the problem that punishment cannot be balanced with the purpose of prevention, and realizes the convergence with non-criminal sanctions. Occupational prohibition is a new criminal sanction measure. However, from the point of view of the purpose of occupational prohibition, its main purpose is to prevent the perpetrator from committing the crime again, and in the process of realizing this special purpose of prevention, the general prevention has been achieved. That is, the purpose of defending society. From the point of view of the relationship of crime and responsibility, the possibility of the perpetrator being criticized is based on the size of his personal danger. Occupational prohibition is a security measure for the purpose of special prevention. The formal elements of the application of the occupational prohibition are the completion of the execution of the penalty or the release of the offender on parole. That is, only when the principal punishment of the offender is completed or the offender is paroled, can he be banned from the profession. The essential elements of the occupational prohibition are based on the criminal situation of the offender and the need to prevent the recurrence of the crime. This essential element is the outstanding embodiment of the nature of the occupational prohibition and security measures. The applicable object of the occupational prohibition is the person who commits a crime by taking advantage of the professional convenience or violating the specific obligation of the occupational requirement. The deciding organ of the occupational prohibition shall be the people's court. However, there is no provision in the criminal law of our country, but from the point of view of whether the offender still has the possibility of recidivism, it should be the community correction organ in the place of residence of the offender.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨商业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.3

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