英美法系罪刑法定原则的维度和启示——兼与大陆法系罪刑法定原则比较

发布时间：2018-02-21 10:19

本文关键词： 罪刑法定原则英美法系大陆法系　出处：《四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2015年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：在美国等英美法系国家,罪刑法定原则是刑法的第一原则,其始于程序法上的明文规定,并逐渐延展至刑法实体上的严格遵守和践行。从抽象的法治层面看,英美法系的罪刑法定原则以自由法治为基础,重视罪刑法定原则的实质和消极功能。从更具象的微观层面分析,英美国家基于判例法制度,以具体的判例辅以不断增加的成文法规范,限制刑事司法权和立法权,保障刑法本身的合法性和保障人权。实践中通过当事人主义诉讼模式和严格正当程序实现罪刑法定原则的自由法治维度。与之相较,大陆法系的罪刑法定原则是以实体法,即以刑法典为核心和统帅对具体罪和罚进行法定,重视形式之维而赋予规范绝对命令性,约束的仅仅是刑事司法。实践中通过职权主义诉讼模式和罪刑法定原则的积极功能维护绝对规范隐含的秩序。但跨法系沙文主义和跨时间沙文主义的言说,常以大陆法系罪刑法定原则的面相为准据,导致对英美法系罪刑法定原则的忽略。比较英美法系和大陆法系的罪刑法定原则,英美法系罪刑法定原则既约束司法亦约束立法,且通过严格程序使刑法本身置于合法性审查之下,这更符合法治国思想。英美法系罪刑法定原则的法治国思想、人权保障和宪政思维,是纠正缺乏宪政思维和法治精神的我国罪刑法定原则在实践中的不良实像的重要参照。
[Abstract]:In the United States and other Anglo-American legal system countries, the principle of legality is the first principle of criminal law, which begins with the express provisions of procedural law, and gradually extends to the strict observance and practice of criminal law entities. The principle of legality in Anglo-American legal system is based on the free rule of law, and attaches importance to the essence and negative function of the principle of legality of crime. From a more concrete microscopic level, the Anglo-American countries are based on the system of case law. Restricting criminal and legislative powers with specific jurisprudence, supplemented by an increasing number of statutory norms, To guarantee the legality of criminal law itself and to protect human rights. In practice, the principle of legality of crime is realized by the mode of litigant litigation and strict due process. In contrast, the principle of legality of crime in civil law system is based on substantive law. That is to say, taking the Criminal Code as the core and commander in chief to legislate the specific crime and punishment, paying attention to the dimension of form and giving the norm absolute command, In practice, we maintain the implicit order of absolute norms through the positive function of the mode of action and the principle of legality. But the statement of chauvinism and intertemporal chauvinism in cross-legal system, The principle of legality in the civil law system is often taken as the basis, which leads to the neglect of the principle of the legality of the crime in the common law system. Compared with the principle of legality in the common law system and the civil law system, the principle of the legality of the crime in the common law system not only binds the judicature but also the legislation. Through strict procedure, the criminal law itself is subject to the examination of legality, which is more in line with the thought of governing the country by law. It is an important reference to correct the unfavorable reality of the principle of legality of crime in practice, which lacks the constitutional thinking and the spirit of ruling by law.
【作者单位】：西南政法大学法学院;
【基金】：2013国家社科基金青年项目“交通风险语境下间接危害行为犯罪化研究”(13CFX046) 国家博士后第5批特别赞助基金项目“食品风险的刑法规止研究”(2012T50054)
【分类号】：D914

【参考文献】