论我国未遂犯处罚范围的立法缺陷与完善

发布时间：2018-02-21 17:09

本文关键词： 犯罪未遂未遂犯未遂犯处罚范围重罪未遂轻罪未遂　出处：《华中科技大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：犯罪的未完成形态是刑法理论中的重要板块，包括：犯罪预备、犯罪未遂和犯罪中止。犯罪未遂是犯罪未完成形态的重要组成，其重要性也是不言而喻的。本文以未遂犯处罚范围的立法为研究对象，共分为五部分：第一部分讲述未遂犯及其处罚范围的一般原理：介绍了未遂犯的概念，分析了未遂犯处罚根据，介绍了未遂犯处罚范围的概念和研究的意义。第二部分是对域外未遂犯处罚范围立法模式的考察。重点考察了美国、我国香港特别行政区、日本、德国和俄罗斯的立法例。通过对域外的考察，，得到一些对我国有借鉴意义的启示：“综合主义模式”立法例比其他立法例更科学；在总则中，区别对待重罪未遂和轻罪未遂；在分则各罪中具体规定需要处罚未遂的情况。第三部是对我国立法模式分析。我国现行刑法在未遂犯的处罚范围的立法模式上选择的是“概括主义模式”。只是在总则概括的规定未遂犯的处罚，在分则中不再具体规定。选择“概括主义模式”主要是由以下三种原因导致的：第一，新中国成立后移植前苏联的刑法理论和制度；第二，理论研究相对欠缺；第三司法实践经验欠缺。第四部分是分析我国立法模式的缺陷。我国立法存在以下缺陷：总则中未区分重罪未遂和轻罪未遂，没有重罪和轻罪的区分，没有关于未成年人和老年人的特殊规定；分则中未对具体的罪名进行规定。第五部分是完善我国立法的建议。通过分析得出了在总则中增加以下法条的结论：“最高法定刑在3年以下有期徒刑、管制、拘役的犯罪为轻罪，其余为重罪”、“重罪的未遂犯一律处罚，轻罪的未遂犯一般不处罚，但分则有规定除外”、“未成年和已满75周岁的老年人的犯罪未遂可以免除处罚，但情节特别严重的除外”。在分则中，结合各罪的具体情况，在需要处罚未遂的轻罪后增加“某某未遂的，可以处罚”的条文。
[Abstract]:The unfinished form of crime is an important part of criminal law theory, including: crime preparation, attempted crime and the suspension of crime. Attempted crime is an important component of the unfinished form of crime. Its importance is also self-evident. This paper takes the legislation of the scope of attempted offence as the research object and divides it into five parts:. The first part describes the general principle of attempted crime and its scope of punishment: it introduces the concept of attempted crime, analyzes the basis of punishment for attempted offence, and introduces the concept and significance of the scope of punishment for attempted offence. The second part is an investigation of the legislative model of the scope of extraterritorial attempted offences. It focuses on the legislation of the United States, the Hong Kong Special Administrative region of China, Japan, Germany and Russia. Some enlightenments to our country are obtained: "Synthetical mode" legislation is more scientific than other legislation cases; in general, it distinguishes between felony attempt and misdemeanor attempt; The third part is an analysis of the legislative model of our country. The current criminal law of our country chooses the "generalist mode" in the legislative model of the scope of punishment for attempted crime. The choice of "generalist mode" is mainly caused by the following three reasons: first, transplanting the former Soviet Union's criminal law theory and system after the founding of New China; The third judicial practice experience is lacking. Part 4th analyzes the defects of the legislative model of our country. The legislation of our country has the following defects: there is no distinction between attempted felony and attempted misdemeanour, no distinction between felony and misdemeanour, no special provisions on minors and the elderly; Specific charges are not specified in the subclause. The 5th part is the suggestion to perfect the legislation of our country. Through the analysis, we draw the conclusion that: "the maximum statutory penalty is not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, the crime of public surveillance and criminal detention is a minor crime," The rest are felonies, "all attempted offenders of felonies shall be punished, and those who have failed to commit misdemeanours shall generally not be punished, with the exception of the provisions in the special provisions". "A minor or an elderly person who has reached the age of 75 may be exempted from punishment for an attempt to commit a crime." But the circumstances are especially serious ". In the sub-rule, combined with the specific circumstances of each crime, after the need to punish attempted misdemeanor, the article" so attempted, may be punished "article.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.1

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