实行行为的“危险”与处罚未遂的实质根据——“修正的具体危险说”之提倡

发布时间：2018-02-23 21:07

本文关键词： 实行行为未遂危险客观危险说具体危险说　出处：《河南财经政法大学学报》2016年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：犯罪一旦着手,不问既遂与否,既已存在特定实行行为,便具备处罚之实体根据。实行行为于形式而言需符合具体罪状的构成要件描述,于实质而言需要有对法益形成的一定程度的"危险"。"危险"并非纯客观存在,行为人的主观状态不仅可能决定危险的有无,还可能影响危险的程度;"危险"也并非纯科学性事实,而应充分顾及实行行为的规范属性;实行行为具有定型性、独立性,作为其实质内容的"危险"自然是其自身内在具备的要素,不能等同于危险犯中作为结果的"危险状态"。具体危险说大体是合理的,但将事后查明的事实一概排除在外,系其局限所在。对具体危险说的修正方向应是将事后查明的事实作为判断"危险"的参考因素,而不应视之为判断基础。未遂犯的处罚根据在于行为本身的危险,内在于实行行为的"危险"应是未然的、可能性的、规范的、主客观一体化的。在"危险"认定中应以一般人可能认识到或行为人特别认识到的事实为基础,将事后查明的事实作为参考因素,以社会一般性(通常性)作为规范性的判断标准,从行为时认定侵害法益的可能性。
[Abstract]:Once a crime has been committed, regardless of whether it has been accomplished or not, if there is already a specific act of execution, the entity that has been punished shall have the basis. The form of the act must conform to the description of the constitutive elements of the specific crime. In essence, there is a need for a certain degree of "danger" to the formation of legal interests. "danger" is not purely objective, and the subjective state of the perpetrator may not only determine the existence or absence of the danger. It may also affect the extent of the risk; "danger" is not a purely scientific fact, but should take full account of the normative nature of the practice, which is stereotyped and independent, The nature of "danger" as its substance is its own inherent element, which cannot be equated with the "dangerous state" as a result of the dangerous crime. The theory of concrete danger is generally reasonable, but it excludes all the facts that have been found after the event. The direction of amendment to the theory of specific danger should be to use the facts ascertained after the event as a reference factor for judging the "danger" and not to regard it as the basis of judgment. The punishment of the attempted offence should be based on the danger of the act itself. The "danger" inherent in the carrying out of an act should be pre-existing, possible, normative, subjective and objective... in the identification of "danger", it should be based on facts that may be recognized by the average person or specifically recognized by the perpetrator, Taking the facts found after the event as the reference factor, and taking the social generality (commonality) as the normative criterion, the possibility of infringing legal interests can be determined from the time of the act.
【作者单位】：华东政法大学法律学院;
【分类号】：D914

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