从业禁止中利用职业便利实施犯罪的认定

发布时间：2018-03-02 14:09

本文选题：从业禁止　切入点：职业　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：《刑法》第三十七条之一规定从业禁止制度适用情节之一的“利用职业便利实施犯罪”。从业禁止制度是一种非刑罚惩罚措施,其目的在于实现特殊预防,在犯罪人刑罚执行完毕后,禁止其从事相关的职业,斩断其继续实施犯罪的可能性,预防犯罪人重新利用职业便利实施犯罪。在适用从业禁止之时,需要对利用职业便利实施犯罪进行明确的界定,从而实现罪行法定的原则。从业禁止中利用职业便利实施犯罪,其中职业必须是自然人从事的明确的而具体的正当、合法的职业。职业的种类应该参考《中华人民共和国职业分类大典》中职业的细类的划分标准,以实现刑法的谦益性。“利用”在主观上表明行为人具有犯罪故意的心态,在客观上具有利用职业上使用、控制、管理、经手某项事物或技术的便利条件实施犯罪行为。在刑法上职业与职务、身份、是不同的,而职业与工作并无不同。利用职业便利实施犯罪也是一种规范性的价值判断,对于利用职业便利实施犯罪适用从业禁止,也就是要保护与之相对应的法益。适用从业禁止的犯罪人利用职业便利是实施犯罪的前提,利用职业便利的行为与危害行为、危害结果之间具有因果关系,利用职业便利实施犯罪的情节表现出犯罪行为的社会危害性,并且行为人利用职业便利实施犯罪显示出行为人的人身危险性。同样与犯罪人的人身危险性相关联。利用职业便利的行为与危害行为、危害结果之间具有因果关系。利用职业便利的的包括利用职业技术便利、利用职业活动中使用的工具、利用工作的便利条件、利用将来会获得的职业便利。但是利用职业便利并非是利用过去的职业便利,并非是利用他人的职业便利。利用职业便利实施犯罪虽然在刑法分则各罪的犯罪构成要件中并未规定,但是作为从业禁止的适用条件,在实践中又是必须考量怎样适用。
[Abstract]:Article 37th of the Criminal Law stipulates that "using occupation to facilitate the commission of a crime" is one of the applicable circumstances of the system of prohibition of employment. The system of prohibition of employment is a measure of non-penal punishment, the purpose of which is to achieve special prevention. After the execution of the criminal penalty, the offender is prohibited from engaging in the relevant occupation, the possibility of his continuing to commit a crime is cut off, and the offender is prevented from reusing his profession to facilitate the commission of the crime. There is a need for a clear definition of the use of professional convenience for the commission of crimes, so as to realize the statutory principle of the offence... the use of occupational convenience in the practice of the commission of crimes, in which the profession must be a clear and specific justification for the conduct of a natural person, Legal occupation. The category of occupation should refer to the classification standard of occupation in the Great Book of Occupational Classification of the people's Republic of China, in order to realize the modesty of criminal law. Objectively, the criminal act is carried out under the convenient conditions of using, controlling, managing and handling a certain thing or technology. In criminal law, the occupation, the position, the identity, are different, But the occupation and the work are not different. Using the occupation to facilitate the crime is also a kind of normative value judgment, which is prohibited for the use of the occupation to facilitate the implementation of the crime. That is to say, it is necessary to protect the corresponding legal interests. The use of occupational convenience by the offender who applies to the practice prohibition is the premise of committing the crime, and the act of using the occupational convenience has a causal relationship with the harmful behavior, and the result of the harm has a causal relationship. The use of occupation to facilitate the commission of a crime demonstrates the social harmfulness of the criminal act, And the perpetrator's use of professional convenience to commit the crime shows that the perpetrator's personal dangerousness is also related to the offender's personal dangerousness. There is a causal relationship between hazardous outcomes. The use of occupational facilities includes the use of vocational and technical facilities, the use of tools used in professional activities, and the use of job facilities, Take advantage of the career facilities that will be available in the future. But the use of vocational facilities is not the use of past professional facilities, It is not to use the professional convenience of others. Although it is not stipulated in the constituent elements of each crime in the criminal law, it is necessary to consider how to apply it in practice as the applicable condition of the prohibition of employment.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.3

【参考文献】