劳动刑法的构建研究

发布时间：2018-03-02 19:21

本文选题：劳动权　切入点：集体劳资争议　出处：《西南政法大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在劳资关系领域中,劳资双方力量的悬殊以及利益的分化,使得正处在社会转型期的我国当下的劳资冲突以更加激烈的方式向社会蔓延,弱势劳动者的劳动权利不断受到强势雇佣方的侵害,劳资双方互为侵害对象的犯罪日益增多,劳动者罢工等集体劳资争议引发的治安犯罪愈发常见。劳动刑法作为刑法规范体系的一个重要分支,一直以来未受到刑法理论界的应有重视,对其研究尚处于不成熟的初步阶段。然而,劳动刑法的研究不仅能够有效解决劳资冲突,预防和惩治劳动犯罪,规范劳动者的罢工等集体劳资争议,并有助于发展和完善刑法理论,弘扬社会公平、正义等价值理念,因此构建劳动刑法具有重要的实践意义和理论、价值意义。本文约三万七千字,除引言外,分为以下四个部分：第一部分,劳动刑法的界定。劳动刑法作为刑法规范体系的重要分支,其概念应涵盖调整目的、调整手段、调整范围、规范主体、规范特性等内容。因此本文将劳动刑法定义为：以预防和惩治劳动犯罪,有效解决劳资冲突为目的,以刑罚为主要手段对发生在劳资关系领域的,劳资双方主体因劳资冲突而实施的劳动犯罪进行调整的相对强制性法律规范体系。依劳动刑法的外延不同,可分为广义的劳动刑法和狭义的劳动刑法。广义的劳动刑法是指规定劳资关系领域的劳动犯罪以及刑罚的法律规范；狭义的劳动刑法是指规定以劳动权为单一或主要客体的劳动犯罪以及刑罚的法律规范。劳动刑法作为一个复合型的法律规范体系,无论在调整范围还是在规范主体上都具有特殊性。第二部分,劳动刑法构建的必要性。劳动刑法的构建既是基于有效解决劳资冲突、预防和惩治劳动犯罪,规范劳动者罢工等集体劳资争议,建立和谐劳资关系的现实需要,也是使劳资双方力量平衡,从而实现社会公平、正义的价值理念需要,更是刑法规范体系自身发展完善的需要,因此对劳动刑法进行构建十分必要。第三部分,劳动刑法构建的基础。劳动刑法的构建不是毫无根据的,而是建立在相应的理论及规范基础上的。劳动刑法构建的理论基础包括社会优位理念、福利国家理念、实质平等理念。劳动刑法构建的规范基础包括劳动法规范和刑法规范。正是基于这些理论和规范基础,劳动刑法的体系构建才成为可能。第四部分,劳动刑法的体系构建。劳动刑法体系的构建是本文研究的重点,其作为一个独立的分支体系,应有自己独特的框架。劳动者罢工等集体劳资争议是劳资双方利益冲突的必然产物,因此国家不应一律强调对其压制和制裁,而应通过赋予正当的集体劳资争议刑事免责的方式,为弱势劳动者搭建一个与强势雇佣者对话的平台,才能有利于冲突的解决。劳动权作为劳动者所特有的权利,其具有的生存权属性即表明了劳动权的特殊性,因此刑法应通过专章规定的方式将劳动权作为一个独立的犯罪客体来加以保护,才能实现刑法对劳动者权益的特殊保护。同时,劳动刑法对劳动者的倾斜保护还需要刑法在保护的广度和力度方面进行保障。在广度上,应取消拒不支付劳动报酬罪中前置程序的规定,降低其入罪门槛,并将部分严重侵犯劳动者劳动权益,具有严重社会危害性的劳动侵权行为,如妨害工会活动、拒不缴纳社会保险费的行为纳入刑法的规制范围内；在力度上,应提高重大劳动安全事故犯罪的法定刑,并且对劳资冲突引发的其他犯罪,应在处罚原则上进行区别对待：对雇佣者实施的侵犯劳动者其他权益的犯罪重处罚；对劳动者因维权针对雇佣者实施的犯罪轻处罚；对劳动者非维权针对雇佣者实施的犯罪常规处罚；对不当集体劳资争议引发的犯罪的慎处罚与轻处罚。
[Abstract]:In the field of labor relations, both sides of the disparity in power and the differentiation of the interests, make is in our current social transition period of labor conflicts in a more intense way to social contagion, weak labor rights have been strong employer labor violations, both sides against the object of crime is increasing, labor strikes the collective labor dispute caused by the crime has become more common. One of the most important branches of the labor criminal law as criminal law system, has not been given due attention in criminal theory, the research is still in the initial stage is not mature. However, the research of labor criminal law can not only effectively resolve the conflict, prevent and punish the crime of labor. Specification for strike and other collective labor disputes, and contribute to the development and perfection of criminal law theory, promote social fairness, justice value concept, therefore. The criminal law of building labor has important practical significance, theory and value.
This article is about thirty-seven thousand words, in addition to the introduction, is divided into the following four parts:
The first part, the definition of labor criminal law. The labor criminal law as an important branch of criminal law system, the concept should cover the adjustment, adjustment method, adjustment range, standard specification and so on. The main characteristics of this paper will be the labor criminal law is defined as: to prevent and punish the crime effectively solve the conflict between labor and labor, for the purpose of penalty is to the main means of labor relations in the field of the relative legal system of both sides of compulsory subjects because of labor conflicts and the implementation of the labor criminal adjustment. According to the extension of labor criminal law is different, can be divided into general and special labor labor criminal law criminal law. The criminal law refers to the provisions of general labor labor relations in the field of labor and crime the penalty law; special labor criminal law refers to the provisions in labor rights as the single or the main object of crime and punishment of the labor law labor. The criminal law, as a compound legal norm system, has special characteristics both in the range of adjustment and in the subject of standard.
The second part, the necessity of constructing the labor criminal law. Criminal law is not only effective solution to the construction of labor conflicts based on the prevention and punishment of labor crime, labor strikes and other collective labor dispute norms, to establish harmonious labor relations reality, but also make both sides of labour force balance, so as to realize social justice, to the values of justice, it is the criminal law system of its own development needs, so it is very necessary to construct the labor criminal law.
The third part, the basic construction of the labor criminal law. The construction is not groundless labor criminal law, but based on the theory and the standard based on the corresponding theoretical basis. The labor criminal law construction including social priority concept, the welfare state concept, the concept of substantive equality. Standardizing the basic construction of the labor criminal law includes the labor law and the criminal law. It is these theories and practices based on the labor criminal law system construction becomes possible.
The fourth part, the construction of labor criminal law system. The construction of labor criminal law system is the focus of this study, as an independent branch system, should have its own unique framework. Labor strikes and other collective labor dispute is the inevitable outcome of both sides of the conflict of interest, so the country should not be emphasized on its suppression and sanctions, and by giving collective labor dispute of criminal due disclaimer way, and build a strong dialogue platform for the employment of vulnerable workers, conducive to the solution of the conflict. The special labor rights as the rights of workers, which has the right to life of attributes that indicates the particularity of labor rights, so should the labor criminal law right as an independent crime object to be protected by the provisions, in order to achieve the special protection of the criminal law on the rights and interests of the workers. At the same time, the inclination of labor labor criminal law The protection of criminal law in the protection of cable is the breadth and intensity of protection needs. In the breadth, should cancel the provisions of the pre procedure of refusing to pay labor remuneration crime, reduce the crime threshold, and some serious violations of labor rights of workers, has serious social harmfulness and labor violations, such as disrupting trade union activity. Refusing to pay the social insurance act into the scope of criminal law regulation; on the strength, should improve the major labor safety accident crime legal punishment, and other crimes caused by labor disputes, should be carried out in the principle of punishment on don't take: the implementation of violations of labor rights and interests of the victim to other employers of heavy punishment; according to the implementation of employment rights workers due to the crime of light punishment; labor rights for non employees commit regular punishment; lead to improper collective labor dispute crime carefully Punishment and light punishment.

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.3

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