性侵害未成年人犯罪的立法比较

发布时间：2018-03-11 09:23

本文选题：性侵害未成年人犯罪　切入点：立法比较　出处：《华东政法大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：越来越多的校园性侵案随着媒体的曝光而浮出水面，引发了社会各界对于未成年人性权利保护问题的广泛关注。未成年人本身自我保护意识薄弱，而在我国，来自家庭和学校针对未成年人有序、系统的性教育和性引导都还十分匮乏，法律、制度和司法实践中多多少少存在的一些缺陷也使得心理扭曲的犯罪分子有接近并加害未成年人的机会，这些原因都使得未成年人性侵害犯罪呈现多发性、长期性和反复性的特点。此类犯罪严重影响了未成年人的健康成长，，给未成年人及其家属都带来了巨大的伤害，同时也成为了影响社会稳定的负面因素。严厉打击针对未成年人的性犯罪，尽最大可能保障未成年人的合法权益，落实联合国《儿童权利公约》中“儿童利益最大化”这一原则的要求，成为各国、各地区刑事立法中的共识。作为最后也是最为必要的一道防线，惟有构筑起严密的刑事法律保护网络，惩罚犯罪人，才能震慑潜在的犯罪人，达到预防此类犯罪、保护未成年人健康成长的目的。笔者分五章试从性侵害未成年人犯罪入刑的现实需要、立法概况、犯罪构成特征、法定刑等多个角度对中国与其他一些有代表性的国家和地区打击性侵害未成年人犯罪的相关刑事立法进行了比较分析，同时结合我国对于该类型犯罪的刑事法律制定情况，进一步把握此类犯罪的构成特征与量刑标准。由比较可知，我国的相关刑事立法对于性侵犯行为的认定还不够明确；对于未成年男性的保护力度相对较弱；在预防和规制犯罪人再犯的制度建设方面也还存在着一些问题。2013年10月，我国最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部和司法部四部门联合制定并发布了《关于依法惩治性侵害未成年人犯罪的意见》，针对目前我国性侵害未成年人犯罪所呈现出的特点，从多方面就加强打击性侵害未成年人的犯罪行为作了全面系统的完善性规定。但我国的现行刑事立法对未成年性权利保护依旧存在少许不足，亟待完善。笔者望通过借鉴其他国家、地区相关立法的合理与先进之处，为完善我国的相关刑事立法，切实保障未成年人的身心健康和合法权利提供合理化建议。
[Abstract]:With the exposure of the media, more and more cases of sexual abuse on campus have surfaced, which has aroused widespread concern about the protection of minors' sexual rights from all walks of life. The consciousness of self-protection of minors is weak, but in our country, There is a lack of systematic sex education and guidance from families and schools for minors. Some defects in the system and judicial practice have also made the mentally distorted criminals have the opportunity to approach and injure minors. These reasons have made the juvenile sexual assault crime more frequent. Long term and repetitive characteristics. Such crimes have seriously affected the healthy growth of minors and caused great harm to minors and their families. At the same time, it has also become a negative factor affecting social stability. Severely crack down on sexual crimes against minors, and do their utmost to protect the legitimate rights and interests of minors. The realization of the principle of "maximization of the interests of the child" in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child has become a common understanding in the criminal legislation of all countries and regions. As the last and most necessary line of defense, only by constructing a strict network of criminal legal protection and punishing criminals can potential criminals be deterred and such crimes can be prevented. The purpose of protecting the healthy growth of minors. The author divides into five chapters to try from the actual needs of sexual assault on minors into the criminal law, legislative overview, the characteristics of the crime, This paper makes a comparative analysis of the relevant criminal legislation of China and some other representative countries and regions in the fight against crimes against minors from the angle of legal punishment, and at the same time makes a comparative analysis of the criminal law making for this type of crime in our country. From the comparison, we can see that the identification of sexual assault is not clear enough in the relevant criminal legislation of our country, the protection of minor male is relatively weak; In October 2013, the Supreme people's Court, the Supreme people's Procuratorate, The four departments of the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Justice jointly formulated and issued the opinions on punishing crimes against minors in accordance with the law, aiming at the characteristics of the crimes committed against minors in China at present. The comprehensive and systematic provisions have been made to strengthen the criminal action against minors from many aspects. However, the current criminal legislation of our country still has some deficiencies in the protection of sexual rights of minors. The author hopes to use for reference the reasonable and advanced aspects of relevant legislation in other countries and regions in order to provide reasonable suggestions for perfecting the relevant criminal legislation of our country and ensuring the physical and mental health and legal rights of minors.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.3

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