基于性别的刑法保护差异性研究

发布时间：2018-03-11 07:16

本文选题：性别差异　切入点：刑法保护差异性　出处：《扬州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：性别差异是一个客观的自然事实,性别平等则是当今人类社会法律制度所追求的重要价值之一。只有对性别差异进行保护,才能实现真正的性别平等,而实现性别保护差异并不代表绝对差异,保护平等始终是主题。基于性别的保护差异性在刑法上不应该只是一个空洞的概念,而应该具象化,具体表现在生命权、性自由权、人身不受买卖权三个方面。基于性别的保护差异性在刑法中的体现归根结底是犯罪主体和犯罪对象的差异性。从审判时怀孕的妇女不适用死刑的角度以及《刑法修正案(九)》对嫖宿幼女罪的修改,体现我国刑法中差异存在的合理性,但也强调应当进行有效控制;从强奸罪、拐卖妇女、儿童罪上提出了不平等存在的根源以及需要法律的修整才能合乎现实。我国刑法的现实角度展现出基于性别的立法差异性,然而这种差异性亦有深刻的历史原因,但从总体趋势来看,承认差异和保护平等成为方向。《刑法修正案(九)》对强制猥亵犯罪的修改,为我们解决上述面临的问题提供合理的路径,可以说该部分是对整篇文章展开的根基,也是反思的基础。这种差异性存在的深刻理由在理论上总体而言是从犯罪构成的角度体现的。从犯罪主体角度提出刑法保护审判时怀孕的妇女和对幼女加强保护的合理性是保护性别差异的体现,而强奸罪的主体排除女性却是性别保护上不公平的差异;从犯罪对象的角度认识到强奸罪的犯罪对象将男性以及拐卖犯罪将已满十四周岁男性排除在外,这种限缩保护对象的方法造成实际上的不平等,因而需要正确认识平等和差异,提出平等基础上的差异性原理,再对这种差异性进行刑法学理论上的深入理解,从平等与差异的角度贯彻理解这种刑法的规定模式,差异的保护并未违背刑法面前人人平等的原则,而女权主义提出的社会性别视角为我们理解这种平等基础上的差异提供了思路。从性别差异性深刻的历史根源出发,再到我国刑法基于性别的保护差异性研究,我们发现基于性别的保护差异性有这样一种趋势,即立法上男女性别保护趋同,同时关注个别女性和幼女的权利,落实到司法和执法中应当实现刑法差异基础上的平等。
[Abstract]:Gender difference is an objective and natural fact, and gender equality is one of the important values pursued by the legal system of human society. Only by protecting gender differences can real gender equality be realized. The realization of gender protection difference does not mean absolute difference, protection equality is always the theme. The protection difference based on sex should not be just an empty concept in criminal law, but should be embodied in the right to life and the right to sexual freedom. The difference of protection based on sex in criminal law is, in the final analysis, the difference between the subject of the crime and the object of the crime. From the point of view that pregnant woman does not apply the death penalty at trial and < Criminal Law. Amendment (9) > the amendment to the crime of whoring young girls, Reflects the rationality of differences in our criminal law, but also emphasizes that effective control should be carried out; from the crime of rape, kidnapping and trafficking of women, On the crime of children, the author points out the root of inequality and the need of law revision in order to conform to reality. The reality of criminal law in our country shows the difference of legislation based on sex, but this difference also has profound historical reasons. But from the general trend, recognizing differences and protecting equality are the directions. The amendment to the Criminal Law (9) provides a reasonable way for us to solve the above problems. It can be said that this part is the foundation of the whole article, It is also the basis of reflection. The profound reason for the existence of this difference is in theory reflected from the angle of the constitution of crime. From the angle of the subject of crime, the criminal law is put forward to protect pregnant women and strengthen the protection of young girls. The reasonableness of the law is the embodiment of the protection of gender differences, However, the exclusion of women by the subject of rape is an unfair difference in gender protection; from the perspective of the object of the crime, the subject of the crime of rape excludes the male and the man who has already reached the age of 14 years in the crime of kidnapping and trafficking. This method of limiting the object of protection causes actual inequality, so it is necessary to correctly understand equality and difference, put forward the principle of difference on the basis of equality, and then make a deep understanding of this difference in theory of criminal law. The protection of differences does not violate the principle of equality before criminal law. The gender perspective put forward by feminism provides a way for us to understand the differences on the basis of equality. From the profound historical roots of gender differences to the study of the sex-based differences of protection in criminal law of our country, We find that there is such a trend that the gender protection of men and women converge in legislation, and pay attention to the rights of individual women and young girls, and realize the equality on the basis of the difference of criminal law in the administration of justice and law enforcement.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.1

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