中国死刑立法改革方向研究

发布时间：2018-03-11 21:30

本文选题：死刑　切入点：罪名　出处：《西南政法大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：生命权是人最基本、最珍贵的权利,出于对生命权的尊重,死刑问题一直是现代刑法理论、实践研究所关注的热点和焦点。已经有大量的学者著书立说,探讨诸如死刑的存废、死刑的适用、死刑的改革等等问题。死刑问题是当代中国的问题：作为中国的问题,即死刑存废的依据得从中国历史中去寻找；作为当代的问题,即研究死刑得立足于对当代中国情势作实证分析。在当前环境下,民众心中存在根深蒂固的报应观念和国家有着通过死刑遏制严重犯罪的政治惯性,使我们不得不接受短期内无法全盘废除死刑的事实。可是,中国立法中规定的死刑罪名已然太多,使中国《刑法》受到“重刑主义”的评价。与死刑的司法控制相比,从立法上限制死刑罪名的数量,是从源头上解决问题的做法。逐渐废除一些实践中适用较少、存在不太合理的死刑规定,这是必要的也是可行的。本文以《刑法修正案(八)》的改革内容为切入点,探讨中国立法者对死刑改革应当秉持的标准,找到中国死刑改革的正确方向。全文共约36000字,分为以下四个部分：第一部分是对中国死刑存废之争中的主要观点进行的分析,文章探讨死刑的基本价值,回答了死刑是否正义、死刑是否必要、死刑是否人道等三个问题。但文章不是沉浸在关于死刑存废的理论争辩中,而是以死刑立法改革为突破口,并重点分析了《刑法修正案(八)》的死刑废除,进一步明确中国死刑问题不是理论上对未来的争辩而是现阶段该如何改革的问题。第二部分分析了新中国历次死刑立法改革的背景和内容,从中寻找到立法者改革死刑所考虑的要素。探讨了历次死刑改革立法者考虑的国情、民意、犯罪的社会危害性三大要素,并对要素的概念、特征以及与死刑立法改革的关系进行了深入的分析。第三部分对《刑法修正案(八)》所反映的改革趋势进行了评议,具体分析了破坏社会主义市场秩序罪、破坏社会管理秩序罪、盗窃罪中个罪的死刑废除问题,分析了个罪的犯罪构成特征和配置死刑的背景原因,以及立法者基于国情、民意、犯罪的社会危害性因素如何作出死刑存废的判断。第四部分是根据立法者的标准,指出现行立法对破坏社会主义市场经济秩序犯罪、破坏社会主义管理秩序犯罪、毒品类犯罪、伪造货币罪、贪污贿赂类犯罪、危害国家安全罪、危害公共安全罪、危害人身安全罪死刑规定的不当之处,提出了应废除走私武器、弹药、走私核材料罪,走私假币罪,盗窃罪,走私、贩卖、运输、制造毒品罪,贪污贿赂罪,伪造货币罪,资敌罪,盗窃、抢夺枪支、弹药、爆炸物、危险物质罪的死刑规定；建议对颠覆国家政权罪,组织、领导、参加恐怖组织罪,劫持船只、汽车罪的规定法定最高刑为死刑,并建议删除对绑架罪死刑规定的“致使被绑架人死亡”的情节；最后对刑法第113条、第120条、第122条、第127条、第151条、第170条、第199条、第239条、第347条、第348条作了修改设计。
[Abstract]:The right of life is the most basic, the most precious right, out of respect for the right to life, the death penalty is the modern criminal law theory, the hot focus of research and practice. There are a large number of scholars to explore books, such as the abolition of the death penalty, the death penalty, the death penalty reform and so on. The problem is the problem of death penalty the Chinese: as a Chinese problem, namely the abolition of the death penalty based on the need to find China from history; as a contemporary problem, namely the death penalty research are based on the empirical analysis of contemporary Chinese situation. In the current environment, people have ingrained retribution and countries have the death penalty to curb the serious crime the political inertia, so we have to accept the short term can not be completely abolished the death penalty in fact. However, the provisions in the legislation of Chinese death penalty is too much, the Chinese < > by the main penalty of criminal law Evaluation of righteousness ". Compared with the judicial control of death penalty, the number from the legislation to limit the death penalty charges, is to solve the problem from the source. Some gradually abolished less applicable in practice, there are unreasonable provisions of the death penalty, it is necessary and feasible. The amendment to the criminal law reform" (eight) content > as the starting point of Chinese legislation should uphold the standards of death penalty reform, find the right direction Chinese death penalty reform. The full text is about 36000 words, divided into the following four parts:
The first part is the analysis of the main points of Chinese death penalty in the basic value of the death penalty, to answer whether the death penalty justice, the death penalty is necessary, whether the death penalty humanity three questions. But the article is not immersed in a death penalty theory argue, but in the legislative reform of the death penalty for the breakthrough, and focuses on the analysis of the "criminal law amendment (eight) abolished the death penalty to further clarify the problem", the death penalty is not China theory for the future debate but at this stage of the reform.
The second part analyzes the new China previous legislation of death penalty reform background and content elements to find the legislators are considering the death penalty. The death penalty reform of previous legislators to consider the situation, public opinion, social harmfulness of the crime and the concept of the three elements, elements, characteristics and the relationship between the death penalty and legislative reform the in-depth analysis.
The third part of the "criminal law amendment (eight)" reflects the trend of reform of the Council, a concrete analysis of the destruction of the socialist market order crime, destruction of social management order crime, larceny crime death penalty abolition, analyzes the background and reasons of the death penalty configuration characteristics and constitute a crime, and lawmakers based on the situation of public opinion, how the social harmfulness factors of crime to the abolition of the death penalty judgment.
The fourth part is according to the standard of legislation, pointed out that the crime of undermining the order of socialist market economy legislation, undermining the socialist management order crime, drug crime, crime of counterfeiting, embezzlement and bribery crimes, the crime of endangering national security, the crime of endangering public safety, inappropriate to endanger the personal safety of the death penalty for the crime of the provisions of the proposed should be abolished the smuggling of weapons, ammunition, smuggling of nuclear materials smuggling crime, counterfeit crime, theft, smuggling, trafficking, transporting and manufacturing of drugs, the crime of corruption and bribery, crime of counterfeiting, crime of theft, snatch the enemy capital, guns, ammunition, explosives, dangerous material crime death penalty; suggestions for subversion organization, leadership, participating in a terrorist crime organization, hijacking, car crime provisions the maximum statutory penalty for the death penalty, the crime of kidnapping and remove the death penalty "causing the death of the kidnapped person" plot; at the end of the 113rd of the criminal law Bar, 120th, 122nd, 127th, 151st, 170th, 199th, 239th, 347th, 348th made a modified design.

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924

【参考文献】