恐怖主义犯罪构成要素研究

发布时间：2018-03-12 06:39

本文选题：恐怖主义犯罪　切入点：客观构成要素　出处：《浙江工商大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自"9·11"事件后,各国竭尽全力打击与预防恐怖主义犯罪。作为国家战略的反恐怖主义犯罪斗争也逐渐向纵深延展。这种国家战略在我国立法层面中主要体现在三方面:一是扩展了恐怖主义犯罪的客观构成要素。《刑法修正案(九)》和2015年《反恐怖主义法》相关规定将宣扬恐怖主义等行为纳入到恐怖主义犯罪概念范畴内;二是扩宽了恐怖主义犯罪的主观构成要素。依据《反恐怖主义法》,恐怖主义犯罪的主观构成要素可以分为恐怖主义犯罪的动机要素和目的要素,前者界定为:制造恐慌或者胁迫国家机关、国际组织;后者被界定为:政治的或意识形态的目的。三是扩张了恐怖主义犯罪的主体构成要素。根据《刑法》第120条之一和《反恐怖主义法》第3条第4款,个人也可构成恐怖主义犯罪。然而,虽然立法加强了对恐怖主义犯罪的打击,但无论是《刑法修正案(九)》,还是2015年的《反恐怖主义法》,均未准确描述恐怖主义犯罪的构成要素。由是观之,为有效实施国家反恐战略,确保国家安全和人民生命、财产安全,有必要在现有立法规定基础上展开对恐怖主义犯罪构成要素的重构。具体来说,文章主要从以下四方面展开对恐怖主义犯罪构成要素的相关研究:第一部分,恐怖主义犯罪现状及其发展规律。近年来,恐怖主义犯罪呈现蔓延的趋势。我国恐怖主义犯罪具有主体复杂化、地区渗透化、手段多样化、思想传播化以及境内外联系紧密化的发展规律。第二部分,恐怖主义犯罪的客观构成要素。其分为思想传播型恐怖主义犯罪客观构成要素与活动实施型恐怖主义犯罪客观构成要素。前者在界定时,《刑法修正案(九)》划清犯罪化界限;《反恐怖主义法》说明概念内涵。其还可分为宣扬型恐怖主义犯罪与煽动性恐怖主义犯罪。后者在行为界分时需明确预备行为与帮助行为违法性。其具体犯罪可分为暴力型恐怖主义犯罪、破坏型恐怖主义犯罪与恐吓型恐怖主义犯罪。第三部分,恐怖主义犯罪的主观构成要素。其包括制造社会恐慌的动机、威胁官方组织的动机以及政治性目的、意识形态目的。通过直观判断与增加"社会组织"作为威胁动机的对象以完善恐怖主义犯罪的动机要素。对于目的要素,政治性目的是第一性的,具有必要性,而意识形态目的是第二性,兜底性的,具有特殊含义。第四部分,恐怖主义犯罪的主体构成要素。从刑法理论、恐怖主义犯罪法律定位以及实施可能性看,"独狼"恐怖主义犯罪具有存在合理性。同时,以行政认定为起点,司法认定为核心,行政公布为终点的原则是认定恐怖主义犯罪主体要素的基本原则。
[Abstract]:Since the events of September 11, Every country makes every effort to combat and prevent the crime of terrorism. As a national strategy, the fight against the crime of terrorism is gradually extended in depth. This kind of national strategy is mainly reflected in three aspects in the legislative level of our country: first, the expansion. The relevant provisions of the Criminal Law Amendment (IX) and the Anti-Terrorism Act of 2015 bring the propaganda of terrorism and other acts into the scope of the concept of terrorist crime; Second, it broadens the subjective constituent elements of terrorist crimes. According to the Anti-Terrorism Law, the subjective constituent elements of terrorist crimes can be divided into motive elements and purpose elements of terrorist crimes. The former is defined as creating panic or coercing state organs and international organizations; The latter is defined as: political or ideological purposes... third, the expansion of the constituent elements of the subject of a terrorist offence... in accordance with article 120 bis of the Criminal Code and article 3, paragraph 4, of the Anti-Terrorism Act, Individuals may also constitute terrorist offences. However, while legislation has strengthened the fight against terrorist crimes, However, neither the Criminal Law Amendment (IX) nor the Anti-Terrorism Act of 2015 has accurately described the constituent elements of terrorist crimes. In order to effectively implement the national counter-terrorism strategy and ensure national security and people's lives, Property security, it is necessary to carry out on the basis of existing legislative provisions to reconstruct the elements of terrorist crime. Specifically, the article mainly from the following four aspects of the terrorist crime elements related research: part one, The present situation of terrorist crime and its development law. In recent years, the terrorist crime has a tendency of spreading. In our country, the main body of terrorist crime is complicated, the area infiltrates, the means are diversified, The law of the development of the dissemination of ideas and the closeness of internal and external ties. Part two, The objective constituent elements of terrorist crime are divided into two types: the objective constituent elements of ideologically propagating terrorist crimes and the objective constituent elements of active terrorist crimes. When the former is defined, the Criminal Law Amendment (9) makes a clear distinction. It can also be divided into propagandizing terrorist crime and seditious terrorist crime. The latter should make clear the illegality of preparatory act and aiding act. Specific crimes can be classified as violent terrorist crimes, The third part, the subjective elements of terrorist crime. It includes the motive of causing social panic, the motive of threatening the official organization and the political purpose. Ideological purpose. By intuitively judging and adding "social organization" as the target of threatening motive, we can perfect the motive element of terrorist crime. For the purpose factor, the political purpose is primary and necessary. The ideological purpose is secondary, bottomless, and has a special meaning. Part 4th, the main elements of terrorist crime. From the theory of criminal law, In view of the legal orientation and the possibility of carrying out the terrorism crime, the "lone wolf" terrorist crime has its rationality. At the same time, it takes the administrative recognition as the starting point and the judicial determination as the core. The principle of administrative publication as the end point is the basic principle of determining the main elements of terrorism crime.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工商大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.3

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