我国未成年人前科消灭制度的本土化研究

发布时间：2018-03-13 07:22

本文选题：前科　切入点：前科消灭　出处：《东北师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：前科是对先前犯罪的一种规范性评价，与犯罪记录是两个截然不同的概念,犯罪记录与前科之间是一种评价对象与评价结论之间的关系。与此相一致，前科消灭与犯罪记录封存也是两个不同的概念。在符合一定的条件时，前科可以消灭，犯罪人犯罪时是未成年人是其中的一种条件，未成年人前科消灭制度由此建立。前科可以导致后罪的从重处罚，这一作用的理论根据有社会危害性说和人身危险性说两种观点，笔者赞同人身危险性说。前科是否应予保留存在着争议，前科消灭制度是对前科留存论和前科废除论进行调和的产物。前科消灭后的性质，有认为是刑事责任的消灭，也有认为是刑罚后遗效果的消灭，还有认为是犯罪后遗效果的消灭，笔者赞同刑罚后遗效果的消灭一说。国外立法中有未成年人前科消灭的相关规定，这些规定体现了一定的国别特点，我国在借鉴国外立法经验的同时也应结合本国的特点。目前，我国在刑法、刑事诉讼法和未成年人保护法等法律法规中有关于未成年人前科消灭制度的立法规定，也有其联系密切的其它制度，同时，我国多地司法机关对未成年人前科消灭制度进行了实践探索。未成年人前科消灭制度在我国具有明显的本土特点：重刑思想浓厚致制度难被支持、刑事政策主导致制度缺乏规范、前科株连效应致人权严重受损、刑法解释模式致适用几率降低、教育功利倾向致重返社会困难。针对这些特点，改进我国未成年人前科消灭制度需确立一个正确的指导思想，在此基础上整合现有法律规定，，并在我国逐步废除前科的株连制度，之后通过相关配套制度的完善为未成年人前科消灭制度的运行提供良好的环境。
[Abstract]:Criminal record is a kind of normative evaluation of the previous crime, and it is two distinct concepts from the criminal record, and the relationship between the criminal record and the criminal record is a relationship between the object of evaluation and the conclusion of the evaluation. The elimination of criminal record and the sealing of criminal record are also two different concepts. When certain conditions are met, the criminal record can be eliminated, and the criminal offender is a minor when committing a crime is one of the conditions. The system of the elimination of minors' criminal record is thus established. Prior conviction can lead to heavier punishment for post-crime. The theory of this role is based on two viewpoints: social harmfulness theory and personal dangerousness theory. The author agrees with the personal danger theory. Whether the criminal record should be retained is controversial. The elimination of criminal record system is the result of reconciling the former conviction retention theory with the previous conviction abrogation theory. The nature of the criminal record elimination is considered to be the elimination of criminal responsibility. There are also those who think it is the extermination of the after-effects of punishment and the elimination of the after-effects of crimes. The author agrees with the theory of the extermination of the after-effects of punishment. There are relevant provisions in foreign legislation for the elimination of minors' criminal record. These provisions reflect certain national characteristics. While drawing lessons from foreign legislative experience, our country should also combine its own characteristics. At present, our country is in the criminal law. Laws and regulations such as the Criminal procedure Law and the Protection of minors Act contain legislative provisions on the elimination system of minors' criminal record, as well as other systems closely related to them. At the same time, Judicial organs in many places of our country have carried on the practice exploration to the system of eliminating juvenile criminal record. The system of eliminating juvenile criminal record has obvious local characteristics in our country: the heavy punishment thought makes the system difficult to be supported, The main cause of criminal policy is the lack of standardization of the system, the serious damage to human rights caused by the effect of criminal record, the decrease of the probability of application of the criminal law interpretation model, and the difficulty of reintegrating into society due to the tendency of educational utility. To improve the system of eliminating criminal record of minors in China, we should establish a correct guiding ideology, integrate existing laws and regulations on this basis, and gradually abolish the system of previous convictions in our country. After that, it provides a good environment for the operation of the elimination system of juvenile criminal record through the improvement of relevant supporting system.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.1

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