我国环境犯罪刑罚制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-17 03:38

本文选题：环境犯罪　切入点：刑罚制度　出处：《北京交通大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来,我国经济建设取得巨大成就,社会主义法治建设也取得巨大进步。然而,在社会进步发展的同时,一些影响可持续发展的问题也随之而来,环境问题尤为突出,环境保护问题迫在眉睫。刑法作为环境保护的最后一道屏障,因其严重的非难性以及较大的威慑力得到了世界各国决策者的青睐。我国1979年刑法典中将严重的环境污染和破坏行为犯罪化,在此后的1997年《刑法》以及之后的修正案和司法解释中都进一步对环境犯罪相关规定进行了完善。我国环境刑法的从无到有,刑罚力度从弱到强,在控制环境污染问题上确实起到了一定的作用,发挥了其作为最严厉制裁手段的功能。然而,我国环境犯罪刑罚制度中存在着种类贫乏,力度轻缓等问题。环境刑罚制度存在的这些问题,已严重影响了我国刑法在打击环境犯罪行为的效用。笔者认为,刑罚制度的设计应结合环境犯罪的特点,侧重刑罚的一般预防兼顾特殊预防,同时要考虑到对环境的有效恢复。因此,本文以我国当前环境犯罪刑罚制度作为研究对象,对环境犯罪刑罚制度的基础理论进行阐述,再结合当前我国环境犯罪刑罚制度的立法现状,分析我国立法的特点以及指出其中存在的各种问题。同时,通过对国外发达国家的环境犯罪刑罚制度立法相关规定的介绍,与中国立法现状进行比较,希望能够借鉴国外先进立法经验,为我国环境犯罪刑罚制度的完善提供相应的建议,以期缓解我国目前严峻的环境问题,彰显刑法的环境保护功能。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, great achievements have been made in the economic construction of our country, and great progress has been made in the construction of the socialist rule of law. However, while the social progress is developing, some problems affecting sustainable development have followed, especially the environmental problems. As the last barrier of environmental protection, criminal law, as the last barrier of environmental protection, has been favored by decision-makers all over the world because of its serious reproach and great deterrent. In 1979, our criminal code criminalized serious environmental pollution and destruction. In the following 1997, the Criminal Law and the subsequent amendments and judicial interpretations have further improved the relevant provisions on environmental crimes. The environmental criminal law of our country has developed from nothing, with the penalty intensity from weak to strong, It has played a certain role in controlling environmental pollution and has played its role as the most severe sanction. However, there are some kinds of poor in the penalty system of environmental crime in our country. These problems in the environmental penalty system have seriously affected the effectiveness of our criminal law in cracking down on environmental crimes. The author believes that the design of the penalty system should be combined with the characteristics of environmental crimes. General prevention with emphasis on punishment should take into account special prevention, while taking into account the effective restoration of the environment. Therefore, this article takes our country's current environment crime penalty system as the research object, carries on the elaboration to the environment crime penalty system basic theory, then unifies our country environment crime penalty system legislation present situation, This paper analyzes the characteristics of our country's legislation and points out the existing problems. At the same time, by introducing the relevant provisions of the legislation of environmental crime penalty system in foreign developed countries, this paper compares it with the current situation of China's legislation. It is hoped that we can learn from the advanced legislative experience of foreign countries and provide corresponding suggestions for the perfection of our country's environmental crime penalty system in order to alleviate the severe environmental problems in our country and highlight the environmental protection function of the criminal law.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.3;D924.1

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