赦免制度的比较研究

发布时间：2018-03-19 13:55

本文选题：赦免制度　切入点：刑事政策　出处：《湖南师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：古今中外,赦免制度都作为一种有效的刑事政策被广泛适用。在君主专制时代,不少帝王为了巩固统治地位、缓和阶级矛盾充分发挥了赦免特有的功能与作用。直至现代,赦免制度仍具有弥补法律僵硬性、纠正司法误判以及彰显国家恩德等重要功能。当今世界不少国家针对赦免都有明确的立法规定,并将其灵活运用于实践中,也取得了良好的效果。而在我国现行的法律体系中,尽管宪法、刑法及刑事诉讼法都对赦免制度有所触及,但其均规定过于原则和粗陋,致其操作性不强。同时自新中国成立后对国内战犯实施过七次特赦后,我国实践中也再没适用过赦免。可谓赦免制度就一直被边缘化了。为什么一直备受推崇具有重要刑事政策价值的赦免制度陷入了如此尴尬的境地呢?这不得不引起我们深思。本文正是基于此才着手进行研究。希望通过对现代赦免制度基本理论和国外主要两大法系赦免制度的考察与比较分析,最终提出完善我国现代赦免制度的具体建议。本文的主体内容一共分为四部分。第一章为现代赦免制度的概述：首先对赦免的概念进行分析,进而探讨了赦免的类型,同时还对中国赦免制度的现状进行阐述；第二章考察了英美法系国家的典型代表国家—美国的赦免制度,并对中美两国赦免制度进行了比较分析；第三章探讨了大陆法系国家的典型代表—法国与日本赦免制度的规定,并在此基础上对中国与法、日两国赦免制度进行比较分析；第四章也就是最后一章,基于前两章内容的比较分析得出相关启示,提出关于完善我国现代赦免制度的具体建议。
[Abstract]:In the era of autocratic monarchy, many emperors gave full play to the unique function and function of pardon in order to consolidate their ruling position and ease class conflicts. The amnesty system still has the important functions of making up the rigidity of the law, correcting judicial misjudgment and showing the national kindness. Nowadays, many countries in the world have clear legislative provisions on amnesty and apply it flexibly in practice. Good results have also been achieved. In the current legal system of our country, although the constitution, criminal law and criminal procedure law all touch on the pardon system, its provisions are too principled and crude. At the same time, after the founding of the people's Republic of China, seven special amnesties were granted to domestic war criminals. Pardon has never been applied in the practice of our country. The pardoning system has always been marginalized. Why has the amnesty system, which has been highly regarded as an important criminal policy value, been in such an awkward situation? It is based on this that this paper begins to study the basic theories of modern amnesty system and the two major legal systems of foreign countries. Finally, the author puts forward some concrete suggestions on how to perfect the modern amnesty system in China. The main content of this paper is divided into four parts. The first chapter is an overview of the modern amnesty system: firstly, the concept of pardon is analyzed, and then the types of pardon are discussed. At the same time, the current situation of the amnesty system in China is expounded. Chapter two examines the amnesty system of the United States, a typical representative country of the common law system, and makes a comparative analysis of the amnesty system between China and the United States. Chapter three discusses the provisions of the amnesty system of France and Japan, the typical representatives of the countries of the civil law system. On this basis, the amnesty system of China, France and Japan is compared and analyzed. Chapter 4th is the last chapter. Based on the comparative analysis of the contents of the first two chapters, the author puts forward some specific suggestions on how to perfect the modern amnesty system in China.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924

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