阶层犯罪论及其实践展开

发布时间：2018-03-23 19:17

本文选题：三阶层论　切入点：四要件说　出处：《清华法学》2017年05期

【摘要】：如果单纯看结局,三阶层犯罪论和犯罪构成四要件说对大量案件的处理都是相同的。但是,对某些疑难案件的定性,按照四要件说得出不当结论的可能性增大,且其无法体系性地解决好共犯论、刑罚论的相关问题,在方法论上存在不足,因此实务上必须采用阶层论。三阶层和二阶层的差别仅仅在假想防卫、假想避险的处理上具有教义学意义,对实践的影响基本可以忽略不计。但是,采用三阶层论在我国当下具有刑事政策上的意义,有助于贯彻罪刑法定原则。实务上将三阶层论作为分析工具,并不意味着必须使用其术语,只要在处理案件时先审查犯罪客观要件等违法要件,再判断责任要件;先对犯罪的一般条件进行分析,再例外地考虑违法阻却事由和责任阻却事由,确保一般判断、事实判断、违法判断在前,例外判断、规范判断、责任判断在后,就是坚持了阶层论。阶层论不仅科学合理,而且简便易学,实务上没有理由排斥阶层犯罪论。
[Abstract]:If we simply look at the outcome, the theory of three-class crime and the four elements of the constitution of a crime are all the same in dealing with a large number of cases. However, for the qualitative analysis of some difficult cases, the possibility of reaching an improper conclusion according to the four elements is increased. And it can not solve the related problems of the theory of accomplice and penalty in a systematic way, so it is necessary to adopt the theory of class in practice. The difference between three strata and two strata is only in the hypothetical defense. The treatment of hypothetical risk avoidance has doctrinal significance, and the influence on practice can be ignored. However, the adoption of three-class theory has the significance of criminal policy in our country at present. It is helpful to carry out the principle of legally prescribed punishment for a crime. Taking the three-class theory as an analytical tool in practice does not mean that it is necessary to use its terms, so long as the illegal elements such as objective elements of crime are examined first, and then the elements of responsibility are judged when dealing with cases. We first analyze the general conditions of the crime, and then exceptionally consider the reason for the obstruction of the law and the reason for the obstruction of the responsibility, to ensure that the general judgment, the fact judgment, the illegal judgment are before, the exception judgment, the standard judgment, the responsibility judgment is after, Class theory is not only scientific and reasonable, but also simple and easy to learn. There is no reason to reject stratum crime theory in practice.
【作者单位】：清华大学法学院;
【分类号】：D924.1

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