生产、销售有毒有害食品罪的难点探析

发布时间：2018-03-31 00:15

本文选题：食品　切入点：非食品原料　出处：《华东政法大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：如何应对近年来层出不穷的食品安全问题,不但是政府部门面临的重大挑战,也是刑法界急需解决的重要课题,生产、销售有毒有害食品罪作为刑法规制食品安全类犯罪的重要罪名,也出现了很多难点。本文将深入解读该罪在法律适用上的难点,以期在司法实践中,能够更准确的把握该类案件。该罪主要表现在四个已知的问题,一是该罪的行为对象,笔者将分别从“食品”、“非食品原料”及“有毒有害”三个方面予以阐述,对于该罪中的“食品”的界定,笔者赞成对“食品”外延予以广义理解,不但包含供人食用的成品及原料、保健食品等,还包含了“食品添加剂”和“食品原料”；对于“非食品原料”的理解,笔者认为“非食品原料”应是由卫生部颁布的《食品添加剂使用标准》所罗列品种以外的化工原料,并且食品添加剂不属于“非食品原料”；对于“有毒有害”,笔者认为对于“有毒、有害”的判断,应以普通民众的一般标准为主要判断依据,同时以鉴定意见客观标准中对毒害性质的排除为例外。二是该罪的行为类型,笔者将从构成该罪的两个客观行为“掺入”和“销售”予以展开讨论,从而得出“掺入”是指行为人将食品与有毒、有害的非食品原料进行混合,具体内容既包括在食品中加入有毒、有害的非食品原料也包括在有毒、有害的非食品原料中加入食品；既包括直接掺入行为也包括间接掺入行为,但不包括直接以有毒、有害的非食品原料冒充食品的行为,“销售”是指行为人获得他人掺入了有毒、有害的非食品原料的食品后又将其出卖给(包括以间接获利为目的的赠送)第三方当事人的行为。第三部分是对该罪主观需明知的理解,分别从主观故意必须是“明知”、“明知”的要求、“明知”的具体判断标准三个点予以分析,对于“明知”的判断应根据具体情况和一般大众的客观标准,以此判断行为人是否具备“明知”的故意。第四部分是该罪与其他犯罪的竞合,这也是司法实践中最困扰的问题,本章将区分法条竞合和想象竞合,并将该罪与其他容易混淆的罪名相比较,找出此罪与彼罪的不同点。
[Abstract]:How to deal with the endless food safety problems in recent years is not only a major challenge faced by government departments, but also an important issue urgently needed to be solved by the criminal law community. The crime of selling poisonous and harmful food, as an important crime of regulating food safety in criminal law, also presents a lot of difficulties. The crime is mainly manifested in four known problems. The first is the object of the crime. The author will explain it from the three aspects of "food", "non-food raw material" and "toxic and harmful", respectively. For the definition of "food" in this crime, the author agrees that the extension of "food" should be understood in a broad sense, including not only finished products and raw materials for human consumption, but also health food, etc. It also includes "food additives" and "food raw materials". For the understanding of "non-food raw materials", the author believes that "non-food raw materials" should be chemicals other than those listed in the Food Additive use Standards issued by the Ministry of Health. And the food additive does not belong to the "non-food raw material"; for "toxic and harmful", the author thinks that the judgment of "toxic and harmful" should be based on the general standard of ordinary people as the main basis of judgment. At the same time, the exception is the exclusion of toxic nature in the objective criterion of appraisal opinion. Second, the type of behavior of the crime, the author will discuss the two objective acts which constitute the crime "incorporation" and "sale". It is concluded that "adulteration" refers to the mixing of food with toxic and harmful non-food materials, which includes both toxic and harmful non-food raw materials. Adding food to harmful non-food raw materials; including both direct and indirect incorporation, but excluding the act of impersonating food directly with toxic or harmful non-food raw materials. The act of selling a harmful non-food ingredient food to a third party (including a gift for the purpose of indirect profit). The third part is the subjective understanding of the crime, From the three points of subjective intention must be "knowing", "knowing", "knowing" and "knowing", the judgment of "knowing" should be based on the specific circumstances and the objective criteria of the general public. The fourth part is the competition between the crime and other crimes, which is also the most puzzling problem in judicial practice. And compare the crime with other easily confused charges, find out the difference between this crime and that crime.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.33

【参考文献】