网络诽谤行为的刑法分析

发布时间：2018-03-31 00:19

本文选题：网络诽谤　切入点：刑事责任　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：互联网的迅速发展和普及给人们带来了极大便利,同时也给信息扩散提供了更为便捷的渠道。网络诽谤实际上是传统诽谤行为在网络空间的变形,具体指以互联网为媒介捏造并散布有损他人名誉的事实的行为。近年来网络诽谤行为呈现激增之势,不仅对他人权益造成极大侵害,有损网络空间的良性发展,还给司法实践带来了挑战。利用刑事手段治理网络诽谤行为的主要依据是刑法第246条规定的诽谤罪和两高颁布的处理网络诽谤案件的司法解释,但是由于法律本身不能穷尽考虑到现实中的各方各面,使得具体的司法实践仍旧面临重重困惑。文章将从四个方面展开分析,首先立足于网络诽谤客观方面,以形成网络诽谤的行为方式、诽谤行为对象及言论构成、行为后果、特殊行为等为出发点,进一步分析得出了散布是关键的实行行为,网络诽谤言论需要是针对特定自然人的虚假的事实性陈述才能够以诽谤罪来规制,而对法人和政府机关进行的诋毁行为无法纳入诽谤罪治理范畴,而且要追究网络诽谤者的刑事责任还必须存在情节严重的行为后果,对此严重标准的具体判断需要依据法律法规的规定合理裁量以及特殊行为的成立可能阻却违法性。其次分析网络诽谤者的主观故意中应有的形式及故意认识的内容。鉴于网络状况的特殊性,网络诽谤罪中的主观故意应当包含间接故意。再者从网络诽谤的责任主体入手,不同于传统的诽谤中存在的单一行为主体,网络诽谤的犯罪主体较为复杂,除了诽谤言论制造者还涉及网络传播者、网络服务提供商以及网络水军等多方,对他们的罪责进行分析才能更好的规制其行为。最后,就网络诽谤的刑事追诉而言,“诽谤罪”是告诉才处理的犯罪,而网络诽谤作为一种特殊类型的诽谤,理应告诉才处理,虽然刑法规定了“严重危害社会秩序和国家利益”的公权力主动介入标准,但是这一标准存在模糊和不合理性,对网络诽谤行为进行追诉时应当尊重当事人的意愿。总之,网络诽谤现象是当前网络空间法律治理一个难解的谜题,从刑法角度对网络诽谤行为进行全方面的分析以期为良好的规制网络诽谤行为提出自己的见解。
[Abstract]:The rapid development and popularization of the Internet has brought great convenience to people, at the same time, it also provides a more convenient channel for the spread of information. In fact, Internet defamation is a deformation of traditional libel in cyberspace. Specifically refers to the act of fabricating and spreading facts that are harmful to the reputation of others by using the Internet as the medium. In recent years, the Internet libel has shown a tendency to proliferate, not only causing great infringement on the rights and interests of others, but also harming the benign development of cyberspace. It also brings challenges to judicial practice. The main bases for using criminal means to control online libel are libel as stipulated in article 246 of the Criminal Law and the judicial interpretation issued by the two high schools to deal with online libel cases. However, due to the fact that the law itself cannot take every aspect of the reality into account, the specific judicial practice still faces many puzzles. The article will analyze from four aspects, first of all, based on the objective aspects of Internet defamation, In order to form the behavior mode of network libel, the object of libel and the composition of speech, the consequence of the act, the special act and so on as the starting point, the author further analyses and concludes that the dissemination is the key practice act. Online libel speech needs false factual statements against specific natural persons in order to be regulated by libel, but the slanderous behavior of legal persons and government agencies cannot be brought into the scope of libel treatment. Moreover, in order to investigate the criminal liability of Internet slander, there must also be serious consequences of the act. The concrete judgment of this serious standard needs reasonable discretion according to the regulation of laws and regulations and the establishment of special act may hinder the illegality. Secondly, the paper analyzes the form and the content of intentional cognition in the subjective intention of Internet slander. In view of the particularity of the state of the network, The subjective intention of network libel should include indirect intention. Moreover, starting with the responsibility subject of network libel, the criminal subject of network libel is more complex than the single act subject in traditional libel. In addition to defamatory speech makers, they also involve Internet disseminators, Internet service providers, and the Cyber Navy, and so on, to analyze their guilt in order to better regulate their behavior. As far as criminal prosecution of Internet libel is concerned, "libel" is a crime that is dealt with only when told, and Internet libel, as a special type of libel, should be dealt with only when it is told. Although the criminal law provides for the standard of "seriously endangering social order and national interests", the standard of active intervention of public power exists ambiguity and irrationality, so the will of the parties should be respected in the prosecution of libel on the Internet. The phenomenon of Internet libel is a difficult puzzle in the current legal governance of cyberspace. From the angle of criminal law, this paper makes a comprehensive analysis of Internet libel in order to put forward its own opinion for the good regulation of Internet libel.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.3

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