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污染环境罪的认定及完善

发布时间:2018-03-31 18:33

  本文选题:污染环境罪 切入点:犯罪构成 出处:《河北师范大学》2014年硕士论文


【摘要】:《刑法修正案(八)》对重大环境污染事故罪进行了较大修改,将其更名为污染环境罪,降低了入罪门槛,体现了对污染环境行为从严治理的精神。但是,学界对污染环境罪犯罪构成要件的一些问题没有形成统一的认识,导致在司法实践中难以准确适用本罪处理环境污染案件。因此,对于污染环境罪成立要件进行研究,并提出合理的完善建议是非常有必要的。文章正文分为四个部分对污染环境罪进行了研究和论述。 第一部分对污染环境罪进行了概述。首先,为刑法介入环境保护寻找依据。以刑法规制污染环境行为具有正当性,从我国污染现状来看需要更严厉处罚措施来遏制频发的环境污染事件,同时国际社会也普遍认同将刑法作为保护环境的必要手段;其次,对我国环境刑法的立法发展进行了概述,重点阐述了污染环境罪的发展历程。最后,分析并总结了污染环境罪的特点,认为本罪具有行政犯属性、公害性、危害结果严重性、危害结果持续性的特点。 第二部分对污染环境罪的构成要件进行重点分析阐述。犯罪客体上,我国学界对本罪的犯罪客体没有形成统一的认识,存在诸多争论。主要存在公共安全说、环保制度说、环境权说、环境利益说以及复杂客体说,通过分析,最终认定本罪的犯罪客体为复杂客体,即公民的环境权和我国的环保制度;客观方面,从危害行为、危害结果和因果关系三个方面对本罪的客观方面进行了详细阐述。在危害行为方面,主要对“违反国家规定”的具体内容、行为对象的范围以及行为方式三个方面进行了较为深入的分析探讨。在危害结果方面,分析了本罪是否应该处罚危险犯。因果关系方面,建议在相当因果关系说无法证明污染环境行为与损害结果之间存在因果关系时,以疫学因果关系证明方法为补充;在犯罪主体上,学界对国家机关能否作为本罪的犯罪主体存在争议,笔者通过论述认为国家机关不宜作为本罪的犯罪主体。主观方面,通过对过失说、故意说和双重罪过说的探讨,最终认定本罪的主观罪过形式为间接故意。 第三部分是从理论和司法实践两个方面对污染环境罪的具体认定问题进行论述。首先,从犯罪构成要件的角度出发对污染环境罪与投放危险物质罪、危险物品肇事罪、以及传染病菌种、毒种扩散罪进行了对比分析,在理论方面对本罪与其他罪名予以界定。其次,结合司法实践中的具体案例,进一步明晰它们之间的界限,并指出司法实践中适用本罪时应注意的问题。 第四部分是污染环境罪的完善建议。对我国现有环境刑法体系提出了完善建议:一是在刑法分则中设立环境犯罪专章;二是通过借鉴国外立法例,对污染环境罪进行细化。力图使我国刑法在处理环境犯罪问题时更具有针对性。在刑罚方面,指出污染环境罪现有刑罚规定存在缺陷,,难以适应打击环境犯罪的要求,应完善刑罚种类并加大处罚力度,提高对环境犯罪的震慑力度,实现本罪打击环境犯罪的立法目的及要求。
[Abstract]:The amendment of criminal law of criminal law ( 8 ) has made great amendments to the crime of major environmental pollution accident , and renamed its name as the crime of environmental pollution , lowered the threshold of crime , and embodied the spirit of strict control of environmental pollution . However , it is very necessary to study the constitutive elements of environmental pollution . Therefore , it is necessary to study the constitutive elements of environmental pollution .

The first part gives an overview of the crime of environmental pollution . First of all , to find the basis for the intervention of environmental protection in the criminal law . In the light of the legitimacy of the environmental pollution caused by the laws and regulations , more severe punishment measures are needed to curb the environmental pollution incidents . At the same time , the international community agrees to adopt the criminal law as the necessary means to protect the environment .
Secondly , the legislative development of environmental criminal law in China is outlined , and the development course of environmental crime is discussed . Finally , the characteristics of environmental crime are analyzed and summarized . It is believed that the crime has the characteristics of attribute of administrative offence , public hazard , seriousness of harm result and persistence of harm result .

The second part focuses on the constitutive elements of the crime of environmental pollution . On the object of the crime , there are many disputes about the crime object of the crime . There are many disputes . The main problems exist in the public security theory , the environmental protection system theory , the environmental right theory , the environmental interest theory and the complex object , and finally , the object of the crime is considered as a complex object , that is , the environmental right of the citizen and the environmental protection system of our country ;
On the objective aspect , the objective aspects of the crime are expounded in detail from three aspects of harm behavior , harm result and causality .
On the subject of crime , there is a dispute about whether the State organ can act as the subject of the crime , and the author thinks that the state organ should not be the subject of the crime of the crime . The subjective aspect , through the discussion of negligence , intentional and double crime , finally finds that the subjective crime of the crime is indirect intention .

The third part discusses the specific cognizance of the crime of environmental pollution from two aspects of theory and judicial practice . First , from the angle of the constitutive elements of the crime , the author makes a comparative analysis on the crime of environmental pollution and the crime of throwing dangerous substances , the crime of dangerous goods and the crime of infectious diseases and the spread of poisonous species .

The fourth part is the perfect suggestion to the crime of environmental pollution . The author puts forward some suggestions to the existing environmental criminal law system in our country : firstly , to set up the special chapter of environmental crime in the sub - rule of criminal law ;
Second , by using foreign legislation example , the crime of environmental pollution is refined . In order to make our country ' s criminal law more targeted in dealing with environmental crime problem , it is pointed out that there are some defects in the existing punishment of environmental crime , and it is difficult to adapt to the requirement of environmental crime .

【学位授予单位】:河北师范大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2014
【分类号】:D924.3

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