刑事被害人过错研究

发布时间：2018-03-31 22:08

本文选题：刑事被害人过错　切入点：刑事责任　出处：《南京师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：实现法治社会的一个重要手段就是对法律责任进行合理的分配,因而在刑事责任的评价过程中,就不能忽视与犯罪行为人相互动的刑事被害人。在刑事被害人过错对犯罪人的刑事责任有所影响的情况下,充分关注刑事被害人过错无疑对司法实践中确定犯罪人的刑事责任和实现社会的公平正义有着重要的现实意义。但我国刑法对于刑事被害人过错还缺乏足够的重视,在现行的刑事法律规范中,没有对刑事被害人过错进行明文规定。在司法实践中,一般仅将其作为酌定情节予以考虑,这与刑事被害人过错应有的法律地位十分不符。准确界定刑事被害人过错的含义,正确把握刑事被害人过错的类型、机能和效力根据,以及合理建构刑事被害人过错制度是本文研究的重点。全文除引言和结语外,共分五章。第一章主要分为两个部分,分别讨论了刑事被害人过错的含义和成立要件。刑事被害人过错是指刑事被害人故意或者过失实施的,导致犯罪行为对自身侵害的,并因过错程度影响犯罪人刑事责任的行为。构成刑事被害人过错必须齐备四个要件即有刑事被害人主体,刑事被害人主观上具有过错,刑事被害人客观上施行了过错行为,并且过错行为与犯罪行为两者之间具备法律上的因果关系。第二章主要论述了刑事被害人过错的不同类型。根据刑事被害人过错程度不同可以划分为严重过错行为和一般过错行为；根据刑事被害人过错内容不同又可以划分为违法犯罪过错行为、违反道德过错行为和违反习惯过错行为；根据刑事被害人过错主观状态不同还可以划分为无意过错行为和有意过错行为。第三章主要论述了刑事被害人过错的机能,从准确定罪、公正量刑、限制死刑和预防犯罪这四个方面阐述了刑事被害人过错的积极作用。第四章主要探讨了刑事被害人过错的效力根据,分别从理论根据和法律根据两方面进行阐述。理论根据上,文章主要对责任分担理论、应受谴责性降低理论和期待可能性理论三大理论进行阐述评析。法律根据上,则从域内域外的立法经验进行整理分析。第五章主要是笔者关于刑事被害人过错制度化的一些设想。本章笔者试图从实体法和程序法两个层面上提出了自己的一些建议以求建构和完善我国的刑事被害人过错制度。
[Abstract]:One of the important means to realize the rule of law society is to distribute the legal responsibility reasonably, so in the process of evaluating the criminal liability, the criminal victims who interact with the perpetrators can not be ignored.Under the circumstances that the fault of the criminal victim has influence on the criminal liability of the criminal, it is undoubtedly of practical significance to pay full attention to the fault of the criminal victim to determine the criminal responsibility of the criminal in judicial practice and to realize the social fairness and justice.However, the criminal law of our country has not paid enough attention to the fault of the criminal victim, and in the current criminal law norms, there is no explicit regulation on the fault of the criminal victim.In judicial practice, it is generally considered only as a discretionary circumstance, which is very inconsistent with the legal status due to the fault of the criminal victim.It is the focus of this paper to define the meaning of criminal victim's fault, to correctly grasp the type, function and validity of criminal victim's fault, and to construct the criminal victim's fault system reasonably.In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the full text is divided into five chapters.The first chapter is divided into two parts.The fault of criminal victim refers to the behavior that the criminal victim intentionally or negligently carries out, which results in the criminal act infringing upon itself and affects the criminal responsibility of the offender because of the degree of fault.The four elements that constitute the fault of the criminal victim must be complete, that is, the criminal victim has the subject of the criminal victim, the criminal victim has the fault subjectively, and the criminal victim has carried out the fault act objectively.And there is a legal causality between fault and crime.The second chapter mainly discusses the different types of criminal victim fault.According to the different fault degree of criminal victim, it can be divided into serious fault act and general fault act, and according to the different fault content of criminal victim, it can be classified as illegal crime fault act,According to the different subjective state of criminal victim's fault, it can be divided into unintentional fault act and intentional fault act.The third chapter mainly discusses the function of criminal victim fault, from four aspects of accurate conviction, fair sentencing, restriction of death penalty and crime prevention, expounds the positive role of criminal victim fault.The fourth chapter mainly discusses the validity of the criminal victim fault, from the theoretical basis and the legal basis.On the theoretical basis, the article mainly analyzes the theory of responsibility sharing, the theory of reprehensible reduction and the theory of possibility of expectation.On the basis of the law, the legislative experience of the region is analyzed.The fifth chapter is the author's assumption about the institutionalization of the criminal victim's fault.In this chapter, the author tries to put forward some suggestions from two aspects of substantive law and procedural law in order to construct and perfect our criminal victim fault system.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924

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