我国刑法中的职业禁止研究

发布时间：2018-04-02 00:24

  本文选题：职业禁止　切入点：保安处分　出处：《华中师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：《刑法修正案(九)》首条将职业禁止的规定纳入刑法体系,作为一种在一定期限内将犯罪人与相关职业相隔离的法律制度,职业禁止的主要功能在于预防职业犯罪的再次发生,保护社会法益免受职业犯罪的再次侵害。然而由于《刑法修正案(九)》规定内容较为简略,因此学界对职业禁止的性质仍有争议,该规定适用的具体条件也不明晰,同时司法适用中也存在着很多问题,故而有必要对该制度进行全面深入研究。有鉴于此,论文在借鉴他人研究成果以及实证分析的基础上对我国刑法中的职业禁止进行了系统研究。本文由四部分组成:第一部分为职业禁止的概述。该部分开篇介绍了职业禁止的概念,明确了职业禁止的特点,在追溯我国职业禁止历史沿革的基础上,重点阐述了职业禁止的立法价值,指出职业禁止的设立将有利于实现对职业犯罪的特殊预防、一般预防以及对社会法益的进一步保护。第二部分探讨了职业禁止的法律性质。目前职业禁止的性质尚无定论,理论上有资格刑说、非刑罚处罚措施说和保安处分说三种代表性观点。对比发现,职业禁止不符合资格刑与非刑罚处罚措施的特征,相反从其适用的目的、条件和与刑罚的关系上看,都更接近于保安处分,故其不属于资格刑抑或非刑罚处罚措施,而宜理解为是一种实质上的保安处分。第三部分阐述了职业禁止的适用条件。该部分从职业禁止适用的对象条件、实质条件、刑罚条件三个方面对职业禁止条款进行了解析。对象条件重在把握利用职业便利实施犯罪和违背特定职业义务的内涵和外延;实质条件包括犯罪情况和预防再犯罪需要的界定问题;刑罚条件则主要解决被判处管制、附加刑以及缓刑期满后能否适用职业禁止的争议问题。第四部分在实证考察的基础上,分析指出我国当前职业禁止司法适用中存在的问题并提出解决对策。司法适用中职业禁止易与禁止令相混淆,违反从旧兼从轻原则予以适用的情况时有发生,其适用领域过于狭窄,适用程序不够明确,且法条第三款“从其规定”如何适用也存在诸多争议。有鉴于此,必须明确区分职业禁止与禁止令,禁止职业禁止的溯及适用,扩大其司法适用范围,同时构建出职业禁止的适用程序,并严格把握“从其规定”的内容。
[Abstract]:The first Article of the Amendment to the Criminal Law (9) incorporates the provisions of occupational prohibition into the criminal law system. As a legal system that separates the offender from the relevant profession within a certain period of time, the main function of the occupational prohibition is to prevent the recurrence of professional crime. However, since the content of the Criminal Law Amendment (9) is relatively simple, the nature of the occupational prohibition is still controversial in academic circles, and the specific conditions for the application of this provision are not clear. At the same time, there are many problems in the application of justice, so it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive and in-depth study of the system. Based on the research results of others and the empirical analysis, the thesis makes a systematic study of occupational prohibition in criminal law of our country. This paper is composed of four parts: the first part is an overview of occupational prohibition. The concept of occupational prohibition, This paper clarifies the characteristics of occupational prohibition, on the basis of tracing back to the history of occupational prohibition in our country, expounds emphatically the legislative value of occupational prohibition, and points out that the establishment of occupational prohibition will help to realize the special prevention of occupational crime. General prevention and further protection of social legal interests. The second part discusses the legal nature of occupational prohibition. At present, there is no conclusion on the nature of occupational prohibition. There are three representative points of view: the theory of non-penalty punishment and the theory of security measure. By contrast, it is found that the occupational prohibition does not accord with the characteristics of qualification penalty and non-penalty punishment, on the contrary, from the point of view of the purpose, condition and the relation with penalty, Are closer to security measures, so they are not qualified punishment or non-criminal punishment. The third part expounds the applicable conditions of occupational prohibition. The article analyzes the occupational prohibition clause from three aspects of penalty conditions. The object condition is to grasp the connotation and extension of using professional convenience to commit crimes and violate specific professional obligations. The substantive conditions include the definition of the crime situation and the need to prevent recidivism, while the penalty conditions mainly solve the dispute of whether the occupational prohibition can be applied after the expiration of the suspended sentence, and whether the supplementary punishment can be applied after the expiration of the probation. Part four is based on the empirical investigation. This paper points out the problems existing in the judicial application of the current occupational prohibition in China and puts forward some countermeasures. The prohibition of the vocational profession in the judicial application is easily confused with the prohibition order, and the violation of the old and light principle of application occurs from time to time. The scope of application is too narrow, the procedure for application is not clear enough, and there are many disputes over how the third paragraph of the law "from its provisions" applies. In view of this, a clear distinction must be made between the prohibition of occupation and the prohibition of the retroactive application of the prohibition of occupation. At the same time, the application procedure of occupational prohibition is constructed, and the content of "from its provisions" is strictly grasped.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924

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