危险犯未遂研究

发布时间：2018-04-04 22:18

本文选题：危险犯　切入点：未遂　出处：《山西大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：危险犯在刑事法学界中占有重要地位,目前国内外刑法理论界对危险犯的研究尚不是十分丰富,本文在现有研究基础上对危险犯未遂的相关问题进行系统探索。本文共分为危险犯概述、危险犯未遂存在的根据、危险犯未遂存在的范围和危险犯未遂的判断方法四个部分：第一部分为危险犯的概述。这部分首先通过了解分析国内外危险犯概念优缺点,从而得出了笔者认可的危险犯概念,其次是对危险犯的分类进行了概括说明,尤其是对具体危险犯和抽象危险犯的存在依据以及区分标准作了一定的阐释。第二部分为危险犯未遂存在的根据。笔者分别对危险犯未遂的否定说、折中说以及肯定说进行了阐述以及横向对比,论述了批判否定说与折中说理由以及支持肯定说的理论根据。笔者认为危险犯存在未遂形态,即危险犯有既遂形态也有未遂形态。第三部分为危险犯未遂存在的范围。笔者认为具体危险犯与抽象危险犯都存在未遂形态。对于具体危险犯而言,当行为人着手实施犯罪构成要件的行为,但并没有发生侵害法益的危险状态时,成立具体危险犯的未遂,并通过对破坏交通工具罪的分析对其予以证明；对于抽象危险犯来说,尽管在一般情况下,实施了符合抽象危险犯构成要件的行为就随之出现抽象危险结果；但不能排除特殊情况下,虽然着手实施抽象危险犯的行为,但却没有发生抽象危险结果,此时就会成立抽象危险犯的未遂,此部分有醉酒型危险驾驶罪为例证。第四部分为危险犯未遂的判断方法。首先,笔者对危险犯着手问题的认定进行分析,以区分危险犯未遂与预备。其次,论述了区分危险犯未遂与既遂界限的学说,即犯罪结果说、脱离自力控制说以及危险状态说,通过对前两种学说的批判及对危险状态说的肯定,得出了笔者认可的区分危险犯未遂与既遂的标准,即危险状态说。再次,危险犯既遂与未遂区分的关键是危险状态的判断。此处就是以危险状态的判断材料、判断时机、判断标准和具体判断因素为核心展开的,通过这部分论述得出危险犯未遂的体系性的判断标准。即在判断材料上,以客观存在的事实作为基础加以判断；在判断时机上,将事前判断和事后判断有机地结合起来；在判断标准上,从一般人的立场出发,辅之以行为人特别认识到的情况进行全面、客观的判断；在具体判断因素上,着重考虑危害行为的属性,危害行为的方法、侵犯的对象,危害行为的实行程度,实害结果发生的现实可能性以及行为人的主观方面等。通过对我国危险犯相关问题的了解,对比分析国外的危险犯理论,找到危险犯未遂的理论基础及其具体判断标准,以期促进危险犯理论体系的完整性。
[Abstract]:The dangerous crime occupies an important position in the criminal law circle. At present, the research on the dangerous crime is not very rich in the domestic and foreign criminal law theorists. This paper makes a systematic exploration on the related problems of the attempted dangerous crime on the basis of the existing research.This article is divided into four parts: the summary of dangerous crime, the basis of attempted existence of dangerous crime, the scope of attempted existence of dangerous crime and the judgment method of attempted dangerous crime: the first part is an overview of dangerous crime.This part firstly analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the concept of dangerous crime at home and abroad, and then obtains the concept of dangerous crime that the author agrees with, and then it generalizes the classification of dangerous crime.Especially the existence basis and distinguishing standard of concrete dangerous crime and abstract dangerous crime are explained to some extent.The second part is the basis of the attempted existence of dangerous criminals.The author expounds and contrasts the negative theory, the compromise theory and the affirmation theory of the attempted dangerous crime, and discusses the reasons of the critical negation theory and the compromise theory as well as the theoretical basis to support the affirmation theory.The author thinks that there is an attempted form in the dangerous crime, that is, the accomplished form of the dangerous crime is also an attempted form.The third part is the scope of attempted dangerous crime.The author thinks that both concrete dangerous crime and abstract dangerous crime have attempted forms.For the specific dangerous crime, when the perpetrator proceeds to carry out the behavior of the constitutive elements of the crime, but does not have the dangerous state of infringing the legal interest, the attempt of the concrete dangerous crime is established and proved by the analysis of the crime of destroying the means of transportation;In the case of abstract dangerous crime, although in general, an act that meets the constitutive requirements of an abstract dangerous crime is followed by an abstract dangerous result, it cannot be ruled out that, under special circumstances, although the act of an abstract dangerous crime is to be carried out, the act of carrying out the act of the abstract dangerous crime can not be excluded.However, there is no abstract dangerous result, and the attempt of abstract dangerous crime will be established at this time, which is exemplified by the crime of drunken dangerous driving.The fourth part is the judgment method of attempted dangerous crime.First of all, the author analyzes the determination of the problem of dangerous crime, to distinguish the attempted and prepared dangerous crime.Secondly, the thesis discusses the theory of distinguishing the boundaries between attempted and accomplished dangerous criminals, that is, the theory of crime result, the theory of separation from self-control and the theory of dangerous state, through the criticism of the former two theories and the affirmation of the theory of dangerous state.The author has obtained the criterion of distinguishing the attempted and accomplished dangerous criminals, that is, the dangerous state theory.Thirdly, the judgment of dangerous state is the key to the distinction between accomplished and attempted.Based on the judgment material of dangerous state, the judgment time, the judgment standard and the concrete judgment factor, the systematic judgment standard of the attempted dangerous crime is obtained through this part.That is to say, on the basis of objective facts as the basis of judgment material, in the judgment time, the prior judgment and the afterwards judgment are organically combined; in the judgment standard, the standpoint of the general people is taken.It is supplemented by a comprehensive and objective judgment of the situation specifically recognized by the perpetrator. In the specific judgment factors, emphasis is placed on the attributes of the hazardous act, the method of the hazardous act, the object of the violation, and the degree to which the harmful act is carried out.The realistic possibility of the actual harm result and the subjective aspect of the doer and so on.Through the understanding of the related problems of dangerous crime in our country, this paper compares and analyzes the theories of dangerous crime in foreign countries, and finds out the theoretical basis and the concrete judging standard of the attempted dangerous crime, in order to promote the integrity of the theoretical system of dangerous crime.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D914

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