刑事政策视野下的特殊人群保护

发布时间：2018-04-13 13:21

本文选题：宽严相济 + 特殊人群　；参考：《中国政法大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：在我国追求和谐社会的目标的大背景之下，对特殊人群给予倾斜保护以缓解、消除社会矛盾，促进特殊人群融入社会，共享社会发展成果已经成为各级国家机关工作的重点之一。而特殊人群由于自身原因而容易成为犯罪人的目标，为了更好地保护不幸成为被害人的特殊人群的权益，除了在刑事诉讼中赋予其被害人的主体权利地位等程序性权利之外，刑法典也应当发挥其保障人权的作用，将特殊人群列为重要保护对象。在传统的罪刑法定以及法律面前一律平等的原则指导之下，个体的特殊性在一定程度上被压制而导致实体不正义的情形出现，并可能造成社会矛盾的激化和不稳定。我国刑法典中并未设单章对特殊人群（包括未成年人、已满七十五周岁的老年人，怀孕的妇女，精神病人）的保护进行单独规定，而是分散于各专门法以及最高人民法院、最高人民检察院等出台的司法解释中。近几年基于宽严相济的刑事政策以及追求和谐社会的目标，出台了越来越多的关于侵害特殊人群的规定。本文将散见于刑法典，司法解释中的相关法律规定进行了汇总和整理，并总结出特点和不足。未成年人一直是我国刑事司法中重点保护的对象，对于侵害未成年人的犯罪行为也多予以严惩。但是相比之下，关于严惩残疾人、精神障碍患者、孕妇以及老年人的规定却十分匮乏。本文比照我国现有的未成年人保护体系，并横向参考了其他国家关于特殊人群的刑事立法，探讨了对其他特殊人群保护的不足以及需要增加的法律规定。在尽量不改变已有的刑法条文的前提之下，通过司法解释也可以对特殊人群增加保护，撑起对特殊人群的保护之伞。由于生理上而虚弱更容易受到侵害的特殊人群，应当获得刑事实体法的保护，对他们的倾斜保护能够更好地实现社会的公平正义。
[Abstract]:Under the background of pursuing the goal of harmonious society in our country, the special people should be given preferential protection in order to alleviate the social contradictions and promote the integration of the special groups into the society.Sharing the fruits of social development has become one of the focal points of the work of state organs at all levels.The special group is easy to become the target of the criminal because of its own reasons. In order to better protect the rights and interests of the special group who unfortunately become the victim, in addition to the procedural rights, such as the status of the subject right of the victim, which are granted to the victim in the criminal proceedings,The Criminal Code should also play its role in protecting human rights and make special groups an important object of protection.Under the guidance of the traditional legality and equality before the law, the particularity of the individual is suppressed to a certain extent, which leads to the appearance of substantive injustice, and may lead to the intensification and instability of social contradictions.There is not a single chapter in the Criminal Code of our country for the protection of special groups (including minors, the elderly who have reached the age of 75, pregnant women and the mentally ill), but are scattered among the special laws and the Supreme people's Court.Supreme people's Procuratorate and other judicial interpretations.In recent years, based on the criminal policy of leniency and severe punishment and the goal of pursuing a harmonious society, more and more regulations about infringing on special people have been issued.This article summarizes and arranges the relevant legal provisions scattered in the Criminal Code and judicial interpretation, and summarizes the characteristics and shortcomings.Minors have always been the focus of protection in our criminal justice, and the crime of infringing minors is punished severely.But by contrast, regulations on severe punishment for the disabled, people with mental disorders, pregnant women and the elderly are scarce.Comparing with the existing protection system of minors in our country and referring to the criminal legislation of other countries about the special population, this paper discusses the deficiency of the protection of other special groups and the legal provisions that need to be added.Under the premise of not changing the existing articles of criminal law as far as possible, the protection of special people can be increased through judicial interpretation, and the umbrella of protection for special people can be held up.The special people who are weaker and more vulnerable to the attack because of their physiology should be protected by the criminal substantive law and the protection of their inclination can better realize the fairness and justice of the society.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.1

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