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我国特殊防卫若干问题研究

发布时间:2018-04-13 14:16

  本文选题:特殊防卫 + 成立条件 ; 参考:《贵州民族大学》2014年硕士论文


【摘要】:特殊防卫条款自公布以来,引起了学界的广泛讨论,许多观点争锋相对。为厘清思路,捋顺逻辑,本文主要从以下若干问题入手,对我国特殊防卫作一研究。 第一部分,我国特殊防卫的成立条件问题。该部分主要针对我国特殊防条款的明示规定出发,对其成立条件的法条用语进行解刨,并作出以下理解。对“行凶”应理解为主观方面概括的、客观内容不确定的行为,,但同时受其他成立条件制约;“杀人、抢劫、强奸、绑架”是指刑法分则的确定罪名,同时必须是以暴力方法施行的,且暴力程度严重危及人身安全;“严重危及人身安全”中的“严重危及”应理解为严重的侵犯性和强烈的急迫性,“人身安全”应理解为人的生命权、身体健康权和女性的性自由;“暴力犯罪”应与“严重危及人身安全”相照应限定于存在对人身安全急迫而强烈并带有严重侵犯性的犯罪;“其他”应理解为除“杀人、抢劫、强奸、绑架”这几个刑法分则确定罪名以外的以这几种形式的犯罪手段实施的严重危及人身安全的犯罪;“正在进行”的开始时间应认定为当暴力侵害行为着手之时,在某些暴力侵害行为尚未着手但存在严重的侵犯性和强烈的急迫性时,也应允许防卫行为的实施;结束时间应认定为危险状态的排除。 第二部分,我国特殊防卫的司法适用问题。该部分主要针对我国司法实践中对于特殊防卫的司法适用存在的偏差和疑难问题进行分析。认为司法实践中对特殊防卫条款存在称谓不一和唯后果论的问题;在互殴案件中,如果一方的攻击明显升级,另一方也可以根据情况对其实行特殊防卫;在举证责任方面为防止特殊防卫的滥用有必要让防卫人负举证责任;对逆防卫问题应持肯定态度,但其解决仍然应当依照一般正当防卫的规定。 第三部分,我国特殊防卫的完善问题。该部分主要针对特殊防卫在成立条件和司法适用方面存在的问题提出完善建议。在立法上应当规范条款用语,并明示防卫主体的范围;在司法上应对特殊防卫正确定性,摒弃以结果定是非的错误倾向并持中立立场;在制度构建上应当完善奖励机制并引入撤退原则。
[Abstract]:Since the special defense clause was published, it has aroused extensive discussion in academic circles.In order to clarify the thinking and smooth the logic, this paper makes a research on the special defense of our country from the following problems.The first part, our country special defense establishment condition question.This part mainly aims at the express stipulation of our country's special protection clause, carries on the solution to its legal term of the condition of its establishment, and makes the following understanding."murder, robbery, rape or kidnapping" should be understood as a subjective, objective and uncertain act, but subject to other conditions of establishment. "murder, robbery, rape or kidnapping" refers to a defined crime under the criminal law subclause.At the same time, it must be carried out in a violent manner, and the degree of violence seriously endangers personal safety; the term "serious danger" in "serious danger to personal security" should be understood as serious aggression and intense urgency,"physical security" should be understood as the right to life, the right to physical health and the sexual freedom of women; and "violent crimes" should be limited to the existence of crimes that are urgent and intense and have serious violations of the security of the person, in conjunction with "serious threats to physical security";"other" should be understood as a serious endangerment of the person committed by these forms of criminal means other than "homicide, robbery, rape, kidnapping".The beginning of "ongoing" should be recognized as allowing the commission of defensive acts when violence is committed, when certain acts of violence have not yet been committed but where there are serious violations and strong imperatives;The end time shall be deemed to be an exclusion of the dangerous state.The second part, our country special defense judicial application question.This part mainly analyzes the deviation and difficulty in the judicial application of special defense in our judicial practice.In the case of mutual affray, if one party's attack obviously escalates, the other side can also carry out special defense according to the situation.In order to prevent the abuse of special defense, it is necessary for the defender to bear the burden of proof.The third part, our country special defense consummation question.In this part, the author puts forward some suggestions on the establishment condition and judicial application of special defense.In legislation, we should standardize the terms and express the scope of the main body of defense, and in judicature we should have positive certainty of special defense, abandon the wrong tendency of judging right and wrong by result and hold a neutral position.In the system construction, we should perfect the reward mechanism and introduce the withdrawal principle.
【学位授予单位】:贵州民族大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2014
【分类号】:D924.1

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