人身危险性的刑法运用

发布时间：2018-04-17 07:40

本文选题：人身危险性 + 刑法地位　；参考：《西南政法大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：刑法理论中的人身危险性对我国来说属于舶来品，学界对人身危险性的基本理论、评估以及具体运用一直争论不断，分歧的存在必然会影响到实务中的运用。如何能够在不推翻我国现有刑法理论框架的前提下，将人身危险性融入进我国刑法理论，更好地指导我国的司法实践，遂成需要解决的现实问题。本文从人身危险性的基本理论入手，论述人身危险性的刑法运用。本文共约三万字，分以下四个部分：第一部分人身危险性的基础理论。这一部分主要阐释了人身危险性的概念、历史。在剖析了存在争议的各个概念之后，文章指出刑法学意义上的人身危险性不同于犯罪学中的人身危险性，不能将初犯可能性囊括在内，应包括再犯可能性和改造可能性。第二部分人身危险性的刑法地位。这一部分分析了关于人身危险性地位存在的争议，即可否作为定罪的依据、如何影响量刑、行刑阶段的具体评估等，并从人身危险性的理论地位、实践缺失角度分析指出人身危险性是质与量的统一，是与社会危害性相并列的刑法学范畴，人身危险性的大小在定罪中会影响到对出入罪的判断，在量刑中会决定对刑罚幅度的选择，行刑阶段人身危险性的变化会关系到减刑、假释的适用。第三部分人身危险性的责任机理。这一部分指出，人身危险性影响刑事责任的具体作用原理和过程，是通过反伦理性评价实现的。人身危险性同刑事责任本质的契合点在于反伦理性，即人身危险性是通过对反伦理性的判断，以是否反伦理、反伦理的程度如何来影响刑事责任的有无、大小的评价。第四部分人身危险性的运用。人身危险性是抽象意义上的刑法学范畴，无法直接地作用于司法实务，也无法直接地被人们所感知。尽管如此，人身危险性属于行为人范畴，行为人犯罪前后的各种情节体现了其主观的反社会倾向和客观的人身危险的统一，广泛存在的情节正是人身危险性的外在表征。文章通过分析行为人的各种情节论述情节对人身危险性如何产生影响，，并具体分析了不同情节的作用方向和作用程度。同时，结合文章前三部分对人身危险性责任机理及评估的探讨，提出司法工作者应当从思想上重视人身危险性、评估应当注重专业性和精确性、审判阶段对人身危险性须全面考虑以及行刑个别化改革不能脱离人身危险性等建议，希望对司法实务操作有所帮助。
[Abstract]:The personal danger in the theory of criminal law is foreign to our country. The basic theory, evaluation and concrete application of personal dangerousness are constantly debated in academic circles, and the existence of differences will inevitably affect the application in practice.How to integrate personal dangerousness into the theory of criminal law without overthrowing the existing theoretical framework of criminal law and better guide our judicial practice becomes a practical problem that needs to be solved.Starting with the basic theory of personal dangerousness, this paper discusses the criminal law application of personal dangerousness.There are about 30,000 words in this paper, which are divided into the following four parts:The first part is the basic theory of personal dangerousness.This part mainly explains the concept and history of personal danger.After analyzing the controversial concepts, the article points out that the personal danger in the criminal law sense is different from the personal danger in criminology, and the possibility of first offence should not be included, but the possibility of reoffending and reforming should be included.The second part is the criminal status of personal dangerousness.This part analyzes the controversy about personal dangerousness status, that is, whether it can be used as the basis of conviction, how to influence sentencing, the specific evaluation of execution stage, and so on, and from the theoretical status of personal dangerousness,From the point of view of lack of practice, the author points out that personal dangerousness is the unity of quality and quantity, and it is a category of criminal law juxtaposed with social harmfulness. The size of personal dangerousness will affect the judgment of the crime of entry and exit in the conviction.In sentencing, the choice of penalty range will be decided, and the change of personal dangerousness in execution stage will relate to commutation and parole application.The third part is the responsibility mechanism of personal dangerousness.This part points out that the specific action principle and process of personal dangerousness influence criminal liability are realized through anti-ethical evaluation.The common point between personal dangerousness and the essence of criminal responsibility lies in anti-ethics, that is, personal dangerousness affects the existence and size of criminal responsibility by judging the anti-ethics and the degree of anti-ethics.The fourth part is the application of personal dangerousness.Personal dangerousness is an abstract category of criminal law, which can not act directly on judicial practice or be perceived directly by people.However, the personal danger belongs to the category of the doer, and the various circumstances before and after the perpetrator commit a crime reflect the unity of his subjective anti-social tendency and objective personal danger, and the widespread existence of the plot is just the external representation of the personal dangerousness.This paper analyzes the influence of different circumstances on personal dangerousness, and analyzes the direction and degree of action of different circumstances.At the same time, combining with the discussion of the mechanism and evaluation of personal dangerousness responsibility in the first three parts of the article, the author points out that judicial workers should attach importance to personal dangerousness in thought, and pay attention to professional and accurate evaluation.In the trial stage, the personal danger should be considered comprehensively and the reform of execution individualization should not be divorced from the personal dangerousness, hoping to be helpful to the judicial practice.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.1

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