胁从犯废除论

发布时间：2018-04-18 14:35

本文选题：胁从犯 + 废除　；参考：《南昌大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：胁从犯作为我国独具特色的共犯人种类之一,它的存废问题长期以来都是共同犯罪理论中绕不开的话题。它具备“被胁迫参加犯罪的”和“在共同犯罪中所起作用较小”这两大特征。我国当初规定胁从犯既深受传统法律观念的影响,也遵循了我国当时历史背景下的刑事政策。但以此同时也暴露出了诸多的弊端,例如胁从犯规定在逻辑结构上是不严谨的,容易造成法秩序和刑法体系的失衡,缺乏一定的历史依据和处罚依据,有悖于刑事政策和刑法谦抑性原则的贯彻,同时给司法工作带来许多困境等等。我国刑法对“被胁迫参加犯罪”的胁从犯均予以刑法评价,应受到法律惩罚。而在英美法系国家,被胁迫行为作为合法辩护事由处理,大陆法系国家则将被胁迫行为以紧急避险或无期待可能性而予以免责处理。这些立法规定给我国的相关立法带来了一定的启示,包括充分考虑人性,被胁迫行为在紧急避险中的认定,期待可能性理论的运用等等。通过这些分析对比,最终得出废除胁从犯的结论,对于被胁迫参加犯罪的,当所保护的法益大于侵害的法益,可以紧急避险处理;当所保护的法益等于或小于侵害的法益,可以从犯处理,但参加危害国家安全、恐怖活动等特殊犯罪的不得免除处罚。
[Abstract]:As one of the kinds of accomplices in our country, the problem of subjugation has been an inextricable topic in the theory of joint crime for a long time.It has the characteristics of "being coerced to participate in a crime" and "playing a minor role in a joint crime".The first stipulation of coerced offender in our country was deeply influenced by the traditional legal concept and followed the criminal policy under the historical background of our country at that time.But at the same time, it also exposed many disadvantages. For example, the stipulation of coerced offender is not strict in logic structure, it is easy to cause the imbalance between law order and criminal law system, and it lacks certain historical basis and punishment basis.It runs counter to the implementation of criminal policy and the principle of modesty of criminal law, and brings many difficulties to the judicial work at the same time.China's criminal law evaluates the coerced accomplices and should be punished by law.In Anglo-American law countries, coerced acts are treated as legal defense, while civil law countries are exempted from liability for urgent risk avoidance or unanticipated possibility.These legislative provisions have brought some enlightenment to the relevant legislation of our country, including the consideration of human nature, the determination of coerced behavior in emergency avoidance, the application of the theory of expectation possibility, and so on.Through these analyses and comparisons, the conclusion of abolishing the accomplice of coercion is drawn. For those who are coerced to participate in a crime, the legal interests protected are greater than those of the infringements, and the legal interests protected are equal to or less than those of the infringements.Accessory may be dealt with, provided that participation in special crimes such as endangering state security and terrorist activities may not be exempted from punishment.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.1

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