我国环境犯罪立法研究

发布时间：2018-04-21 15:48

本文选题：环境犯罪 + 环境法益　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：生态环境是人类生存的基础,是地球最为宝贵的资源。随着工业化的不断发展,人类的生存环境面临着严峻的挑战,世界各国都开始重视环境问题,运用法律武器保护环境。近年来,破坏和污染环境问题日益频发,环境犯罪行为愈演愈烈,民法和行政法对于保护环境的作用愈发减弱,刑法作为保护环境强有力的后盾,对惩治环境犯罪行为起着重要的作用。自20世纪70年代开始,部分国外污染严重的国家,已经就环境污染问题提出应当从立法的层面来予以治理,遂大规模开展了环境犯罪立法,环境犯罪刑法成为重要的环境污染调控手段之一,并不断制定和颁布环境犯罪立法措施。我国环境犯罪立法的发展起步较晚,从1979年《刑法》的制定以后,直至1997年才对《刑法》进行了第一次修改,随后我国不断的完善环境犯罪方面的立法,但是到目前为止,环境犯罪方面的立法仍然存在一定缺失的问题:缺乏先进的犯罪立法理念、缺乏合理的环境犯罪立法模式、环境犯罪立法中缺少对危险犯的设定、环境犯罪欠缺对严格责任的适用、环境犯罪刑罚适用存在缺陷等,因此,完善我国环境犯罪立法势在必行。本文在大量查阅和获取有关环境犯罪立法的相关资料以后,对查阅的相关资料以及文献进行了归纳和总结,将从五个方面详细论述环境犯罪立法和完善。首先对环境犯罪基本理论进行详细的介绍,在对国内外环境犯罪的基本概念有了一个基本的对比分析结果以后,就能够对环境犯罪有一个更加清晰的认知,以期对环境犯罪立法完善打下基础;其次在环境犯罪基本理论中对环境犯罪立法理念进行详细研究,同样是通过对比的方法,从大陆法系和英美法系两大法系入手,引出我国环境犯罪立法理念;环境犯罪侵害的是环境法益,只有对环境犯罪的法益进行了详细了解,才能更好的区分罪与非罪、此罪与彼罪,对环境犯罪立法完善起到指导作用。其次对我国环境犯罪的立法发展和现状进行介绍。我国环境犯罪立法发展具有明显的阶段性特点,因此从两个阶段来分别介绍我国环境犯罪立法的发展,从中发现我国环境犯罪立法方面的不足之处;对我国环境犯罪立法现状的认识更加有助于发现我国环境犯罪立法存在的缺陷,更能对环境犯罪立法完善提出建议。再次,通过前两章的研究,发现我国环境犯罪立法存在的问题,将对立法理念、立法模式、危险犯的设定、严格责任的适用方面以及刑罚处罚方面存在的缺陷进行研究,然后,对我国环境犯罪立法存在问题的成因进行分析。最后“对症下药”对环境犯罪立法提出完善建议,确立可持续发展的环境犯罪立法理念、完善环境犯罪的立法模式、增设危险犯、有选择的适用严格责任、完善环境犯罪的刑罚适用,从而期待为我国的环境犯罪立法提供借鉴。
[Abstract]:Ecological environment is the foundation of human existence and the most precious resource of the earth. With the continuous development of industrialization, the living environment of human beings is facing severe challenges. Countries all over the world begin to pay attention to environmental problems and use legal weapons to protect the environment. In recent years, the problem of environmental damage and pollution has become increasingly frequent, environmental crimes have intensified, the role of civil law and administrative law in the protection of the environment has become more and more weakened, and criminal law is a powerful backing for the protection of the environment. It plays an important role in punishing environmental crimes. Since the 1970s, some countries with serious pollution abroad have put forward that the environmental pollution problem should be dealt with from the legislative level, and the legislation on environmental crime has been carried out on a large scale. The criminal law of environmental crime has become one of the important means of regulating and controlling environmental pollution, and it has been making and promulgating the legislative measures of environmental crime. The development of environmental crime legislation in China started relatively late. After the enactment of the Criminal Law in 1979, it was not until 1997 that the Criminal Law was amended for the first time. Subsequently, our country continuously improved the legislation on environmental crime, but so far, There are still some problems in the legislation of environmental crime: lack of advanced criminal legislation idea, lack of reasonable legislative model of environmental crime, lack of setting of dangerous crime in the legislation of environmental crime, Environmental crime lacks the application of strict liability, and the application of environmental crime penalty is flawed. Therefore, it is imperative to perfect the legislation of environmental crime in our country. After consulting and obtaining a large number of relevant information on environmental crime legislation, this paper summarizes and summarizes the relevant information and literature, and will elaborate on the legislation and perfection of environmental crime from five aspects. First of all, the basic theory of environmental crime is introduced in detail. After having a basic comparative analysis of the basic concepts of environmental crime at home and abroad, we can have a clearer understanding of environmental crime. In order to lay a foundation for the improvement of environmental crime legislation; secondly, in the basic theory of environmental crime to carry out a detailed study of the concept of environmental crime legislation, also through a comparative method, from the continental law system and the common law system two major legal systems, The concept of legislation of environmental crime in China is introduced. Environmental crime infringes on the interests of environmental law. Only when the legal benefits of environmental crime are understood in detail, can we better distinguish between crime and non-crime, this crime and that crime. It plays a guiding role in improving the legislation of environmental crime. Secondly, the legislative development and current situation of environmental crime in China are introduced. The development of our country's environmental crime legislation has obvious stage characteristic, so it introduces the development of our country's environmental crime legislation from two stages, and finds out the deficiency of our country's environmental crime legislation. The understanding of the current situation of our country's environmental crime legislation is more helpful to discover the defects of our country's environmental crime legislation, and to put forward some suggestions for the perfection of our country's environmental crime legislation. Thirdly, through the research of the first two chapters, we find the problems existing in the legislation of environmental crime in our country. We will study the legislative idea, the legislative model, the establishment of the dangerous crime, the application of strict liability and the defects in the aspect of punishment. This paper analyzes the causes of the problems existing in the legislation of environmental crime in China. Finally, the author puts forward some suggestions on the legislation of environmental crime, establishes the legislation idea of sustainable development of environmental crime, consummates the legislative model of environmental crime, increases the dangerous crime, and applies the strict liability selectively. Improve the application of environmental crime penalty, so as to provide reference for our environmental crime legislation.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.36

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