英美法系国家对竞技体育伤害行为的刑事法规制

发布时间：2018-04-23 02:03

本文选题：竞技体育 + 体育伤害　；参考：《湘潭大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：长久以来，竞技体育以其高度的竞争性和对抗性而广受欢迎，在激烈的比赛中，运动员之间发生碰撞和伤害现象在所难免。然而，随着竞技体育商业化的发展，运动员为争取比赛胜利，有时会采取一些不符合体育规则、甚至非法的手段伤害对手，竞技体育伤害现象愈演愈烈，体育伤害事件频发，产生了巨大的危害，严重侵害了运动员的合法权益，阻碍了竞技体育的健康发展。为了遏制体育伤害行为，人们采取了多种措施。由于体育是一个特殊领域，，有自治的传统，一般做法是按照体育组织的内部规则来处理，例如，对于实施伤害行为的运动员采取禁赛、罚款等制裁措施，但是这种做法并没有使现实中的体育伤害现象得到有效遏制，因此受到了人们的批判和质疑。于是，法律责任便被引入其中，其中包括刑事责任。在英美法系国家，体育伤害现象非常严重，是否应当追究行为人的刑事责任也一直存在激烈的争论，但这些国家仍然在刑法理论中确立了某些体育伤害行为应当承担刑事责任的法律原则，在司法实践中产生了追究体育伤害行为人刑事责任的判例。体育自身存在特殊性，体育运动存在固有风险，体育运动中的伤害行为，是不能完全按照一般伤害追究刑事责任的。在对体育伤害行为追究刑事责任的过程中，被害人同意是主要的抗辩事由。同意作为抗辩事由，可以有效阻却刑事责任。英美法系国家在司法实践中，对于同意抗辩的具体运用进行了积极探索，积累了十分丰富的经验。本文重点关注英美法系国家对竞技体育伤害行为的刑事法规制，考察它们对竞技体育伤害行为刑事责任承担问题的相关规定，试图以具体案例入手，从刑法理论和司法实践中探究英美法系国家对体育伤害行为进行刑事法规制的路径，以推动竞技体育的良性发展。对于体育伤害行为的规制，刑法的介入是否是最佳的途径？本文从起诉面临的障碍，对运动员追究刑事责任的刑事程序存在的弊端入手，试图探索对体育伤害行为进行合理规制的未来的方向，从而保证竞技体育健康发展，保护运动员生命健康安全。
[Abstract]:For a long time, competitive sports are popular for their high competition and antagonism. In the fierce competition, the phenomenon of collision and injury between athletes is inevitable. However, with the development of the commercialization of competitive sports, in order to win the competition, athletes sometimes take some illegal means to hurt their opponents, which are not in accordance with the rules of sports. The phenomenon of sports injuries is becoming more and more serious, and sports injury events occur frequently. Has produced the huge harm, has seriously infringed the athlete's legal rights and interests, has hindered the competitive sports healthy development. In order to curb sports injury behavior, people have taken a variety of measures. Since sport is a special area and has a tradition of autonomy, it is generally dealt with in accordance with the internal rules of sports organizations, such as the imposition of sanctions on athletes who commit injurious acts, such as suspension, fines, etc. However, this practice has not effectively curbed the phenomenon of sports injury in reality, so it has been criticized and questioned by people. As a result, legal liability was introduced, including criminal liability. In Anglo-American legal system countries, the phenomenon of sports injury is very serious, whether the perpetrators should be investigated for criminal responsibility has always been a heated debate. However, these countries have still established the legal principle that some sports injuries should bear criminal responsibility in the criminal law theory, and in judicial practice, there has been a precedent of investigating the criminal liability of sports injury perpetrators. Sports itself has its own particularity, sports has inherent risks, sports injury behavior, can not be fully according to the general harm of criminal responsibility. In the process of investigating criminal responsibility for sports injury, victim consent is the main defense. Consent, as a defense, can effectively prevent criminal responsibility. In the judicial practice of Anglo-American legal system, the concrete application of consent defense has been actively explored and rich experience has been accumulated. This paper focuses on the criminal law regulation of sports injury behavior in Anglo-American legal system countries, and investigates the relevant provisions of their criminal liability for sports injury behavior, and attempts to start with specific cases. In order to promote the healthy development of competitive sports, this paper probes into the path of criminal law regulation of sports injury behavior in Anglo-American legal system countries from the angle of criminal law theory and judicial practice. Is the intervention of criminal law the best way to regulate sports injury behavior? Starting from the obstacles faced by the prosecution and the disadvantages of the criminal procedure of investigating the criminal responsibility of athletes, this paper tries to explore the future direction of reasonable regulation of sports injury behavior, so as to ensure the healthy development of competitive sports. To protect the health and safety of athletes.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D909.1;D914

【参考文献】