保安处分制度构建研究

发布时间：2018-04-24 03:20

本文选题：保安处分 + 犯罪预防　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：保安处分最早起源于西方,是现代国家为达到防卫社会、维护公共利益的目的,普遍采用的一种特殊性预防措施,可以起到代替或补充刑罚的作用。保安处分旨在通过矫正、感化、医疗、限制等手段防止其适用对象再犯或预防其不犯罪,而满足社会防卫需要。我国现行法律法规、刑事政策与行政命令中并没有引用“保安处分”这一概念,或许因其曾被集权统治“恶为利用”,至今学界和司法实务界仍有疑惧,恐其再被权力机关滥用,因此对于应否在我国建立这样一套社会防卫体系存有争议。但是,回顾我们的立法司法实践,考量某些制度措施在性质、作用、适用对象及适用条件方面确实与“保安处分”极为相似。在新的历史条件下,梳理架构先进的社会防卫体系,提高社会治理能力的普遍需求,要求我们正确看待这些曾经存在或正在使用的制度措施。笔者试图通过研究长期以来我国社会管理措施中的收容矫治、强制禁戒等保安处分措施的适用情况,借鉴参考近现代国际刑事立法领域保安处分的合理成分,探求保安处分构建的理论基础,侧重程序性保障研究,追求最佳适用效果,以期解决我国现行刑事政策中保安处分适用这一长期被忽视的问题。随着社会风险点的转移,我国刑法几经修正,刑法的预防性功能在不断强化,反映出人们对于自由与安全的价值追求和观念平衡始终都没有放弃。从实用主义考虑,保安处分作为一种非刑罚的预防手段应当适时予以甄别梳理。另一方面,如果能够通过设立科学合理的保安处分制度措施预防违法犯罪、保护社会安全,通过消除特定行为人的人身危险性保证实体性正义实现,那么设计一套公正严谨的适用程序更有利于其顺利运转。因为,此类具有否定评价特质的制度措施的适用可能波及全体社会成员,非经严格的程序性和制度性保障极易滑向权力滥用,不得不审慎对待。在全面深化改革、社会结构全面转型的当下,如何精准有效治理多元化社会问题,重新检省既往保安处分措施在社会防卫方面的功能作用,重新梳理既有规定中的疏漏之处,填补程序设计的环节缺失,在甄别国外保安处分制度优劣、总结我国保安处分措施适用经验的基础上,立足现实的物质文化条件,以发展的眼光,努力建立一个完整的、系统的、具有内在逻辑关系的保安处分制度,将其纳入司法制度体系,强化监督制约机制,以期发挥最佳防卫功效。
[Abstract]:Security measures originated from the west, which is a special preventive measure widely used in modern countries to protect society and protect public interests, which can replace or supplement punishment. Security measures are designed to meet the need of social defense by means of correction, penitentiary, medical treatment, restriction and so on. The concept of "security measures" has not been invoked in the current laws and regulations, criminal policies and administrative orders of our country. It may be that the academic circles and judicial practitioners still have doubts and fears because they have been "misused" by centralized power. For fear of being abused by the authorities, it is controversial whether such a social defense system should be established in our country. However, looking back at our legislative and judicial practice, we consider that some institutional measures are very similar to "security measures" in nature, function, applicable object and applicable conditions. Under the new historical conditions, combing the advanced social defense system and improving the general demand of the social governance ability, we should correctly treat these institutional measures that existed or are being used. The author attempts to study the application of security measures such as acceptance, correction and compulsory prohibition in the social management measures of our country for a long time, and draw lessons from the reasonable elements of security measures in the field of international criminal legislation in modern and modern times. This paper explores the theoretical basis of the construction of security measures, emphasizes on the research of procedural safeguards, and seeks for the best applicable effect, in order to solve the long-neglected problem of the application of security measures in the current criminal policy of our country. With the transfer of social risk points, the criminal law of our country has been amended several times, and the preventive function of criminal law has been strengthened constantly, which reflects that people have never given up on the value pursuit and the balance of concept of freedom and security. Considering from pragmatism, security measures, as a non-penalty preventive means, should be sorted out at the right time. On the other hand, if we can prevent illegal crimes and protect social security by establishing scientific and reasonable security measures, we can guarantee substantial justice by eliminating the personal danger of specific actors. So the design of a fair and rigorous application of the procedure is more conducive to its smooth operation. Because the application of this kind of system measures with negative evaluation characteristics may affect all members of society, it is easy to slide to abuse of power without strict procedural and institutional guarantee, and have to be treated with caution. In the current period of comprehensive deepening of reform and comprehensive transformation of social structure, how to accurately and effectively manage the pluralistic social problems, re-examine the function of previous security measures in social defense, and rearrange the omissions in the existing regulations. To fill in the missing links of program design, on the basis of discriminating the advantages and disadvantages of foreign security measures, summing up the applicable experience of our country's security measures, basing on the realistic material and cultural conditions, and striving to establish a complete one from the perspective of development. The system of security measures, which has inherent logic relation, is brought into the system of judicial system, and the mechanism of supervision and restriction is strengthened, in order to exert the best defense effect.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.3

【参考文献】