“危害原则”的法哲学意义及对中国刑法犯罪化趋势的警喻

发布时间：2018-05-01 08:01

本文选题：危害原则 + 自主权　；参考：《环球法律评论》2017年01期

【摘要】：危害原则是为英美法系刑法惩罚提供正当根据的核心原则,也是英美法系刑法的最低道德底线。危害原则把不法侵害他人利益作为刑法惩罚的起点,包括限制国家刑罚权和限制个人滥用自由两个维度。其显性的法哲学意义是通过限制刑罚权而保护个人自由,其隐性的法哲学意义是通过保护个人自主权,从而保护与促进人之尊严与发展。在走向权利、弘扬人格尊严和自由的21世纪语境下进行的中国刑法立法,呈现出明显的犯罪化趋势。大批预防型犯罪的产生和为维护社会管理秩序而不断扩张的刑事法网,均彰显出中国刑法立法的价值取向侧重于秩序保护。维护社会秩序并不必然意味着刑法的不公正,但维护秩序必须坚守刑法的道德底线。危害原则不仅是刑法应遵守的道德底线,而且其隐性和显性法哲学精神也与当代中国的治国理念,以及21世纪的民主法治精神契合。因此,其对中国刑法的犯罪化趋势具有重要的警示意义。
[Abstract]:Harm principle is the core principle that provides the proper basis for the punishment of Anglo-American legal system, and it is also the lowest moral bottom line of Anglo-American legal system. The principle of harmfulness regards illegal infringement of others' interests as the starting point of criminal punishment, which includes two dimensions: restricting the state's criminal penalty right and restricting the individual's abusing freedom. Its explicit legal philosophical significance is to protect individual freedom by restricting the right to penalty, and its implicit legal philosophical meaning is to protect and promote human dignity and development by protecting individual autonomy. The legislation of Chinese criminal law in the context of right, human dignity and freedom in the 21st century shows an obvious trend of criminalization. The emergence of a large number of preventive crimes and the continuous expansion of the criminal law network in order to maintain the order of social management all show that the value orientation of Chinese criminal law legislation is focused on the protection of order. Maintaining social order does not necessarily mean the injustice of criminal law, but maintaining order must adhere to the moral bottom line of criminal law. The principle of harm is not only the moral bottom line that criminal law should abide by, but also the spirit of recessive and explicit philosophy of law in line with the idea of governing the country in contemporary China and the spirit of democracy and rule by law in the 21st century. Therefore, it has important warning significance to the trend of criminal law in China.
【作者单位】：西南政法大学外国及比较刑法研究中心;
【基金】：2016年司法部课题“中国刑法修正案中的犯罪化研究”(16SFB2018)的研究成果
【分类号】：D90;D924

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