论我国的实行行为着手

发布时间：2018-05-01 22:45

本文选题：实行行为着手 + 法益侵害　；参考：《山东大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：现代刑法理论将实行行为着手纳入到犯罪未遂的具体构成要件,作为预备犯与未遂犯的区分基准,认为犯罪行为的实施一旦开始就表明,该犯罪已经不仅仅停留在预备着的阶段,而进入到真真正正的实行阶段。在实行行为着手之后,如果因行为人意志以外的原因而未能完成犯罪,就脱离犯罪预备,构成犯罪未遂；如果行为人的犯罪行为一直顺利进行,直到完成犯罪,那么毫无疑问就构成犯罪的既遂。但对于实行行为着手的认定标准,国内外刑法理论界众说纷纭。这就需要我们对实行行为着手的已有理论进行全面梳理的同时,进一步深入研究。本文主要是从实行行为着手的一般考察、国内外理论学说及评析、实行行为着手认定中的特殊形态进行系统的论述。本文除引言和结语外共分为以下三个部分：第一部分：实行行为着手的一般考察。该部分首先对实行行为的概念进行了界定,认为不仅应该坚持我国学界通说的形式主义立场,也应该同时满足刑法法益侵害的现实紧迫性的实质性要件；并在此基础上提出了实行行为着手的概念,介绍了法国、德国、日本对于实行着手的规定和我国的立法现状；最后笔者从实行行为着手的刑事责任功能,即实行着手前的预备行为是否可罚方面,加深了对实行着手意义的理解,并针对我国实行行为着手前的预备行为原则上可罚的规定进行了批判。第二部分：实行行为着手的理论学说及评析。该部分首先介绍了大陆法系和英美法系的相关学说,鉴于我国学界通说与大陆法系相关学说有诸多相同之处,本文将大陆法系相关学说作为理解我国刑法学说的理论前提,详细加以论述。然后介绍了我国通说的形式客观说和非通说的实质客观说,并在对两种学说分析论述的基础上,提出了本文的主张：汲取形式客观说和实质客观说的合理之处,去除极端的形式说和极端的实质说,分为形式和实质两个层次认定实行行为的着手。如果行为人的行为不符合第一个层次,那么就没有必要进行第二层次的进一步判断；但当其符合第一个层次时,还必须进行第二个层次的判断。第三部分：实行行为着手认定中的特殊形态。主要介绍了间接正犯、不作为犯、原因自由行为、共谋共同正犯、复合行为犯五种特殊的着手认定形态,分别论述了其内部各自的学说,并具体运用形式和实质两个层次辅助进行着手的判定。比如,对于间接正犯实行行为着手的认定赞同被利用行为说,并分别从着手认定的两个层次分析判定。即形式上已经开始实施刑法分则规定的犯罪构成要件或者构成要件的一部分,实质上具备实行行为着手所要求的侵害法益危险的现实、紧迫性。
[Abstract]:The modern criminal law theory takes the practice behavior into the concrete constituent elements of the attempted crime, as the criterion of differentiating the preparatory crime from the attempted crime, and holds that the implementation of the criminal act will be shown as soon as it begins. The crime has not only been in preparation, but into the real stage of implementation. If, after the commission of the act, the crime has not been completed for reasons other than the will of the perpetrator, it is divorced from the preparation for the crime and constitutes an attempt to commit the crime; if the perpetrator's criminal act continues smoothly until the completion of the crime, There is no doubt, then, that the crime is accomplished. However, there are different opinions in the criminal law theoretical circle at home and abroad. This requires us to conduct a comprehensive review of the existing theory of behavior, while further in-depth research. This article is mainly from the general investigation, the domestic and foreign theory theory and the appraisal, carries on the systematic discussion in the practice behavior identification in the special form. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this article is divided into the following three parts: The first part: the general investigation of the practice behavior. This part firstly defines the concept of practice behavior, and thinks that we should not only adhere to the formalism position of the academic circles in our country, but also satisfy the substantive elements of the realistic urgency of the criminal law interest infringement. On the basis of this, the author puts forward the concept of practice action, introduces the regulations of France, Germany and Japan and the present situation of our country's legislation, finally, the author starts with the function of criminal responsibility. That is to say, whether the preparatory act before the implementation of the act can be punished deepens the understanding of the meaning of the practice, and criticizes the stipulation that the preparatory act before the implementation of the act can be punished in principle in our country. The second part: the theory and evaluation of the practice behavior. This part first introduces the relevant theories of the civil law system and the common law system. In view of the fact that there are many similarities between the general theory of our country and the relevant theory of the civil law system, this article regards the relevant theories of the civil law system as the theoretical premise of understanding the theory of criminal law of our country. Discuss in detail. Then it introduces the formal objective theory and the non-general objective theory of our country, and puts forward the proposition of this paper on the basis of the analysis of the two theories: drawing on the rationality of the formal objective theory and the substantive objective theory. Removing extreme form theory and extreme essence theory is divided into two levels: form and substance. If the behavior of the actor does not conform to the first level, then there is no need to make further judgment at the second level, but when it meets the first level, the second level must be judged. The third part: the special form in the identification of practice behavior. This paper mainly introduces five kinds of special identification forms of indirect principal offender, omission crime, free cause act, complicity co-principal offender and compound behavior crime, and discusses their respective theories respectively. And the specific use of form and substance of two levels to assist in the determination of the hand. For example, the identification of the act of the indirect principal offender agrees with the theory of the used behavior, and the two levels of identification are analyzed separately. That is, the form has begun to implement the provisions of the criminal law provisions of the constitutive elements of the crime or part of the constitutive elements, in essence, with the practice of the practice of the act required by the risk of infringement of legal interests, the reality, urgency.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D914

【参考文献】