风险社会与功能主义的刑法立法观

发布时间：2018-05-03 21:26

本文选题：刑法修正 + 立法观　；参考：《法学评论》2017年06期

【摘要】：晚近二十年我国刑法立法修正表现出三种明显的态势,即处罚范围的不断扩张、处罚上的日趋从严与立法条款的概括化发展。这三种态势与应对随风险社会的到来而面临的立法挑战有关。风险社会中刑法立法面临的挑战包括:要求全方位地规制风险并形成一套整体性的治理策略,对风险进行准确预测与评估以确保预防机制的有效发挥,以及对预防机制所可能带来的弱化法治国保障的风险进行反思性的控制。既有的刑法立法所做的应对举措带来重要的后果,不仅刑法所重点关注的犯罪类型呈现结构性的改变,刑法与其他法规范系统(尤其是行政法)之间的关系也经历了重大的转变,而传统刑法理论的一些基本准则或教义则遭到突破或规避。功能主义的刑法立法观能够适应风险社会的规范性需求。它包含三个面向的内容,即积极介入的立法导向、追求预防效果的立法导向与注重灵活回应的立法导向。这三个面向各自可能制造相应的风险。基于此,对功能主义的刑法立法观有必要进行适当的调控:理性的刑法立法应当以对风险的科学预测与评估为基础;应当摆脱单纯的控制思维,在整合权利保障思维的同时进行全面的利益衡量;应当采用多轨制的刑法立法模式,以缓解立法的稳定性与灵活性之间的紧张。
[Abstract]:In the last two decades, there are three obvious trends in the legislative amendment of criminal law in China, namely, the continuous expansion of the scope of punishment, the increasingly severe punishment and the general development of the legislative provisions. These three trends are related to dealing with the legislative challenges faced with the arrival of a risky society. The challenges of criminal law legislation in a risk society include: to regulate risks in all directions and form a set of integrated governance strategies to accurately predict and evaluate risks to ensure the effective use of the prevention mechanism. And the risk of weakening the guarantee of rule of law may be controlled by preventive mechanism. The countermeasures made by the existing criminal law legislation have brought about important consequences, not only the types of crimes that the criminal law focuses on are structural changes, The relationship between criminal law and other legal systems, especially administrative law, has also undergone a major change, while some basic principles or doctrines of traditional criminal law theory have been broken through or circumvented. Functionalist view of criminal law legislation can adapt to the normative needs of risk society. It consists of three aspects, namely, the active intervention of the legislative direction, the pursuit of preventive effect of the legislative direction and the focus on flexible response of the legislative direction. Each of these three faces may create corresponding risks. Therefore, it is necessary to regulate the functionalist view of criminal law legislation: rational criminal law legislation should be based on the scientific prediction and assessment of risks, and should get rid of pure control thinking. In order to alleviate the tension between the stability and flexibility of legislation, we should adopt a multi-system criminal law legislation model.
【作者单位】：清华大学法学院;
【分类号】：D924.1

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