论前科消灭制度及其在我国刑法中的构建

发布时间：2018-05-06 05:32

本文选题：前科 + 前科消灭　；参考：《中国青年政治学院》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：前科制度是指犯罪人的一定资格和权利,在刑罚执行完毕后被限制或剥夺的制度。我们承认其在预防犯罪和社会安定保护方面的积极作用,但其带来的刑事效应和非刑事效应等负面影响,影响犯罪人顺利回归社会,所以需要前科消灭制度来平衡。世界上一些国家对前科消灭制度研究比较深刻,其立法也比较完善。国内方面,在刑事立法上,仅有《刑法》第100条前科报告制度作为我国前科制度的核心,新《刑事诉讼法》第275条被理论界称为未成年人轻罪犯罪记录封存制度,在民事、行政法律法规及司法解释中也有大量对有前科者禁止性或义务性的规定,总而言之,我国前科制度的有关立法缺乏系统性、完整性。由于我国“重刑”传统思想等历史原因,以及法律存在缺位等现实原因,导致对该制度关注不够、研究不足。在深刻认识到尊重和保障人权、构建和谐社会、顺应世界刑法走向现代化、回应司法实践呼唤的需求,梳理前科消灭的理论依据,考察吸取国外前科消灭立法例经验之后,构建符合我国现实国情的前科消灭制度,极具现实意义和理论价值。根据我国的历史因素和现实因素,在我国刑法中建立前科消灭制度的理论支点是:前科应当消灭,但不应当全部消灭。前科消灭制度作为一项新制度,谈其构建,必须从理论和实践两方面相结合思考,所以,在理论研究方法上,本文综合运用比较分析法和实证分析法。本文的论述共有五部分。第一部分探讨厘定前科及前科消灭制度基本概念和理论;第二部分分析我国尚未建立前科消灭制度的原因;第三部分阐述我国建立前科消灭制度的现实需求和理论依据,其中理论依据从哲学、法理学、刑法学三个方面进行展开;第四部分则是通过借鉴、对比各国有关前科消灭制度的立法例,谈我国前科消灭制度的立法模式和内容;第五部分是我国前科消灭制度的保障措施。
[Abstract]:The system of criminal record refers to the system that the criminal is restricted or deprived after the execution of penalty. We recognize its positive role in crime prevention and social stability and protection, but its negative effects, such as criminal and non-criminal effects, affect the smooth return of criminals to society, so we need the elimination of criminal record system to balance. Some countries in the world study the elimination of criminal record system deeply, and its legislation is relatively perfect. At home, in criminal legislation, only the criminal record reporting system of Article 100 of the Criminal Law is the core of the criminal record system of our country. Article 275 of the New Criminal procedure Law has been called the system of closing the records of minor misdemeanours by the theorists, and in civil affairs, Administrative laws and regulations and judicial interpretation also have a large number of prohibitive or compulsory provisions for those who have criminal record. In a word, the relevant legislation of our country's criminal record system is lack of systematicness and integrality. Due to the historical reasons such as the traditional thought of "heavy punishment" in our country and the lack of law and other practical reasons, there is not enough attention and research on the system. After deeply recognizing the respect and protection of human rights, building a harmonious society, complying with the needs of the world criminal law towards modernization, responding to the demand of judicial practice, combing the theoretical basis for the elimination of criminal record, and investigating and absorbing the experience of foreign legislation on the elimination of criminal record, It is of great practical significance and theoretical value to construct the system of eliminating criminal record in accordance with the reality of our country. According to the historical and realistic factors of our country, the theoretical fulcrum of establishing the system of elimination of criminal record in our criminal law is that the criminal record should be eliminated, but not all. As a new system, the extermination of criminal record system must be considered from both theoretical and practical aspects. Therefore, in the theoretical research method, the comparative analysis and empirical analysis are used in this paper. There are five parts in this paper. The first part discusses the basic concepts and theories of the system of elimination of criminal record and criminal record; the second part analyzes the reasons why China has not established the system of elimination of criminal record; the third part expounds the realistic demand and theoretical basis of establishing the system of elimination of criminal record in China. The theoretical basis is from three aspects of philosophy, jurisprudence and criminal law; the fourth part is to compare the legislative examples of the elimination system of criminal record in various countries, and to discuss the legislative model and content of the elimination system of criminal record in our country. The fifth part is the safeguard measures of our country's criminal record elimination system.
【学位授予单位】：中国青年政治学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.2;D924.1

【参考文献】